Metabolic rate and vascular function are reduced in women with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Lee

Integrative Medicine Research

et al. 2016

Previous studies on the Sasang typology have focused on the differential diagnosis of each Sasang type with type-specific pathophysiological symptoms (TSPS). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the latent physiological mechanism related to these clinical indicators. We searched six electronic databases for articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the Sasang typology-related keywords, and found and analyzed 35 such articles. The results were summarized into six TSPS categories: perspiration, temperature preference, sleep, defecation, urination, and susceptibility to stress. The Tae-Eum and So-Eum types showed contrasting features with TSPS, and the So-Yang type was in the middle. The Tae-Eum type has good digestive function, regular bowel movement and defecation, high sleep quality, and low susceptibility to stress and cold. The Tae-Eum type has relatively large volumes of sweat and feels fresh after sweating; however, the urine is highly concentrated. These clinical features might be related to the biopsychological traits of the Tae-Eum type, including a low trait anxiety level and high ponderal and body mass indices. This study used the autonomic reactivity hypothesis for explaining the pathophysiological predispositions in the Sasang typology. The Tae-Eum and So-Eum Sasang types have a low threshold in parasympathetic and sympathetic activation, respectively. This study provides a foundation for integrating traditional Korean personalized medicine and Western biomedicine.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of type-specific pathophysiological symptoms of Sasang typology

Lee

Integrative Medicine Research

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

“…Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, appear with high prevalence in the TE type (19,26). Several research studies indicated that low BMR is associated with a metabolic syndrome (30,31). …”

Section: Understanding Pathological Principles Of Scmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sasang Constitutional Medicine as a Holistic Tailored Medicine

Kim

Pham

2009

112

167

Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) is a unique traditional Korean therapeutic alternative form of medicine. Based on the Yin and Yang theory and on Confucianism, humans are classified into four constitutions. These differ in terms of (i) sensitivity to certain groups of herbs and medicines, (ii) equilibrium among internal organic functions, (iii) physical features and (iv) psychological characteristics. We propose that two main axes in the physiopathology of SCM (food intake/waste discharge and consuming/storing Qi and body fluids) are equivalent to the process of internal–external exchange and catabolism/anabolism in modern physiology, respectively. We then used this hypothesis to discuss the physiological and pathological principles of SCM. Constitution-based medicine is based on the theory that some medicinal herbs and remedies are only appropriate for certain constitutions and can cause adverse effects in others. The constitutional approach of SCM share the same vision as tailored medicine; an individualized therapy that can minimize the risk of adverse reaction while increasing the efficacy and an individualized self-regulation that can help prevent specific susceptible chronic disease and live healthily. There is still a long way to this goal for both SCM and tailored medicine, but we may benefit from systems approaches such as systems biology. We suggest that constitutional perspective of SCM and our hypothesis of two main processes may provide a novel insight for further studies.

“…9 Post-ischemic cumulative shear rate was expressed as the area under the curve for the mean wall shear rate over time from the cuff release until peak diameter, 10 integrated with the use of GraphPad Prism version 4.03 for windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA Carotid arterial ultrasound images were obtained in the left carotid arteries, which were imaged approximately 2-3 cm proximal to the carotid bulb using B-mode ultrasound with a 12.5-MHz linear-phase array ultrasound transducer for 60 s. A digital video was used to capture all data from the ultrasound and was later analyzed using the custom LabView program for the determination of diameter changes. Blood pressure was measured in the left brachial artery immediately before and immediately after ultrasound measurements.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum hsCRP and visfatin are elevated and correlate to carotid arterial stiffness in spinal cord-injured subjects

et al. 2011

Study design: Cross-sectional comparison, control group. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between carotid arterial stiffness and circulating markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in spinal cord-injured (SCI) subjects compared with able-bodied (AB) individuals. Setting: University Research Laboratory, University of Louisville. Methods: SCI (n ¼ 14) and AB (n ¼ 13) subjects between 20-52 years of age were recruited to participate in the study. B-mode Doppler ultrasound was used to obtain carotid artery diameter measurements. Arterial stiffness was assessed via the stiffness index and distensibility coefficient. Markers of CVD risk were obtained by fasting blood draw. Results: Carotid arterial stiffness index (P ¼ 0.061) and distensibility coefficient (P ¼ 0.370) were not different between the SCI and AB groups. The SCI group had higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (P ¼ 0.046), triglycerides (P ¼ 0.017), leptin (P ¼ 0.040) and visfatin (Po0.001) compared with the control group. Visfatin (r ¼ 0.559, P ¼ 0.047), hsCRP (r ¼ 0.633, P ¼ 0.037), insulin (r ¼ 0.637, P ¼ 0.019) and HOMA (r ¼ 0.614, P ¼ 0.026) significantly correlated with carotid arterial stiffness index in the SCI group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SCI subjects are at a high cardiovascular risk as indicated by elevated hsCRP levels. Elevations in hsCRP and visfatin may contribute to accelerated atherogenic processes in the SCI population.