Metabolic Status of Dairy Cows Grouped by Anabolic and Catabolic Indicators of Metabolic Stress in Early Lactation

Belić, Branislava; Cincović, Marko; Lakić, Ivana; Đoković, Radojica; Petrović, Milun; Ježek, Jožica; Starič, Jože

doi:10.22456/1679-9216.89179

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Metabolic profile involves determining a number of different parameters that indicate energy balance (NEFA, BHB, glucose), protein balance (total proteins, albumins, urea), liver functional status (AST, ALT, GGT, total bilirubin, triglycerides and cholesterol) and mineral status (Ca, P and Mg) [2,33]. The concentration of metabolic parameters in cows is within the values established so far for this animal species [3,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Kovačević

Cincović

Belić

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Measuring metabolic parameters in the blood has been an indispensable tool for assessing the productive and health status of dairy cows for more than 100 years. The values of laboratory parameters depend on various preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical factors. The most important preanalytical factors are sample transport time and temperature, hemolysis, anticoagulant type, and sample volume.Preanalytical factors can lead to reduced stability of the analyte in the sample, which changes their concentration. Loss of stability changes the time of storage and manipulation of the sample, which determines the criteria for its acceptance or rejection. The two stability indicators are stability limit and maximum permissible instability. A stability limit (SL) is defined as the period of time in which a property variation does not exceed a maximum permissible instability (MPI). The aim of this study was to determine the SL and MPI for each analyte in the blood serum of cows and to determine whether SL differs in the function of the presence of preanalytical errors in the blood sample.Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred samples of dairy cow origin in different periods of lactation participated in this research. They were classified into 6 groups of 50 samples: according to the time from sampling to processing in the laboratory (0-4 h, 4-8 h and over 8 h; all transported on dry ice, protected from environmental factors, without preanalytical errors) and according to the presence of preanalytical errors (group with hemolysis, a group transported at ambient temperature and a group with a small sample volume). Each sample was aliquoted in two portions. One portion was left at +4°C and tested once a day for 6 days of sample storage, and the second portion, placed at -20 °C, was tested once a month for 6 months. The MPI had a value ranging from 1.55 to 8.4. Metabolic profile analytes with lower MPI values (1.51-3.22) were albumin (ALB), total protein (TPROT), UREA, glucose (GLU), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Higher MPI values (5.1-8.3) were found for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutirate (BHB), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TGC), total bilirubin (TBIL) and aspartat aminotransferase (AST). For most parameters, we can conclude that their PD% changed faster in storage conditions at +4 °C compared to the regime of -20 °C. The largest number of biochemical analytes in bovine blood serum shows preserved stability in the first 6 days at +4°C or 6 months at -20°C if transported to the laboratory within 8 h after sampling in ideal conditions and without the action of preanalytical errors. Prolonged transport under ideal conditions or the existence of preanalytical errors such as transport at room temperature, hemolysis or small sample volume shorten the stability of the ALB, NEFA, GLU, UREA and P. Concentration of all analytesdecreasesduring the stability test except for UREA, NEFA, BHB and for CHOL and TGC in some groups. Variations in parameters such as BHB, NEFA, TBIL, AST, and Ca have shown potential clinical significance. At storage conditions at +4°C, clinically significant variations at at least one measurement point were found for AST (7.5% of samples), BHB (6.1% of samples), NEFA (9.9% of samples) and for TBIL (in 7% of samples).Discussion: This study can help define acceptable delay times and storage conditions for bovine blood samples, which is of great importance because in working with farm animals it is often not possible to take samples in a short time and deliver them to the laboratory, and samples are often burdened with certain preanalytical errors with limited possibilities of re-sampling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Kovačević

Cincović

Belić

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Metabolic stress occurs in cows in early lactation as a result of calving and the onset of lactation, which is steeply rising. Metabolic stress is characterized by a negative energy balance, increased milk production, that directs glucose to the mammary gland while meeting the energy needs of other tissues through lipolysis and ketogenesis that affect the overall metabolic adaptation of cows [21,22]. Increased influx of fatty acids into the liver, with a concomitant decrease in lipoprotein transport in the body, leads to the development of fatty liver and ketosis [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation between Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 70 and Lipid Metabolism in a Ruminant Model

et al. 2021

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Metabolic stress in early lactation cows is characterized by lipolysis, ketogenesis, insulin resistance and inflammation because of negative energy balance and increased use of lipids for energy needs. In this study the relationship between lipid metabolite, lipid-based insulin resistance, and hepatocyte functionality indexes and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHsp70) was investigated. The experiment included 50 cows and all parameters were measured in blood serum. In cows with a more pronounced negative energy balance, the following was determined: a higher concentration of eHsp70, TNF-α, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), NEFA to insulin and NEFA to cholesterol ratio and lower concentration of cholesterol, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and liver functionality index (LFI). The eHsp70 correlated negatively with the values of cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, and triglycerides, while correlated positively with the level of NEFA and BHB. A higher concentration of eHsp70 suggests the development of fatty liver (due to a higher NEFA to cholesterol ratio and lower LFI) and insulin resistance (due to a lower revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index RQUICKI-BHB and higher NEFA to insulin ratio). The eHsp70 correlated positively with TNF-α. Both TNF-α and eHsp70 correlated similarly to lipid metabolites. In cows with high eHsp70 and TNF-α values we found higher concentrations of NEFA, BHB, NEFA to insulin and NEFA to cholesterol ratio and a lower concentration of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol compared to cows that had only high TNF-α values. Based on the positive correlation between eHsp70 and TNF-α, their similar relations, and the additional effect of eHsp70 (high TNF-α + eHsp70 values) on lipid metabolites we conclude that eHsp70 has pro-inflammatory effects implicating lipolysis, fatty liver, and fat tissue insulin resistance.

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“…The magnitude of changes in NEFA and BHB concentrations in healthy cows in early lactation is related to the magnitude of changes in other metabolic parameters, and the classification of cows according to anabolic and catabolic endocrinological indicators leads to long-term deviations in metabolic parameters (Cincović et al, 2012;Belić et al, 2018). A positive correlation was found between BHB values and hepatocyte functional status parameters (bilirubin, AST, GGT) and a negative correlation with TGC (Djoković et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Figures 1-4 Regression Line Of Multiple Linear Analysis For Predicting Blood Bhb In Cowsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multiparametric analysis of blood parameters and hyperketonemia in cows

Cincović¹,

Delić-Vujanović²,

Đoković³

et al. 2021

Acta agriculturae Serbica

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The aim of this study is to examine the interrelationships and importance of biochemical and endocrine blood parameters in the assessment of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) values in healthy and ketotic cows using multiparameter statistics. The experiment included 45 Holstein Friesian cows (22 healthy and 23 with ketosis). The criterion used for detecting ketosis was the value of BHB ˃1.2 mmol/L. Based on laboratory indicators, cows were precisely classified into two large clusters: a cluster of healthy cows and a cluster of cows suffering from ketosis with minimal mixing of individual cows between clusters. Metabolic parameters were divided into two large clusters: parameters whose values increased in ketosis and decreased in healthy animals and parameters whose values decreased in ketosis and increased in healthy individuals. In ketotic cows there was a higher expression of non-esterified fatty acids, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin and growth hormone, and a lower expression of glucose, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids compared to the healthy group. In 3 cows with ketosis, greater metabolic similarity with healthy cows was found, because of the absence of pronounced changes in the concentration of hormones and glucose. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine showed either increased or decreased expression in ketotic cows. In cows with lower values of these hormones, there were more pronounced metabolic changes characteristic of ketosis. For the development of metabolic adaptations to ketosis, in addition to hyperketonemia, there must be endocrine changes and changes in glycemia.

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Metabolic Status of Dairy Cows Grouped by Anabolic and Catabolic Indicators of Metabolic Stress in Early Lactation

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

Blood Serum Stability Limit and Maximum Storage Time of Bovine Samples

The Correlation between Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 70 and Lipid Metabolism in a Ruminant Model

Multiparametric analysis of blood parameters and hyperketonemia in cows

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