Metabolism, Heat Transfer and Water Loss under Hypobaric Conditions

Burg, Stanley P.; Kosson, R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0094-7_18

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This large difference, recently reported for numerous fruits (14,15), apparently was overlooked previously because of the convention of expressing transpirational conductance and gaseous resistance in units which are not easily compared. For the system, air/membrane/air, the transport resistance is r = gAx/DKS, where A is the tortuosity of the diffusion path, Ax is the barrier thickness (cm), D is the vapor's diffusion coefficient in the membrane (cm2 s'), Kis the partition coefficient between air and the membrane, and S is the fractional membrane area available for diffusion (25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…High levels of ethanol + acetaldehyde arise whenever gas exchange is impeded In summary, the following observations suggest that the mass transport ofwater and fixed gases occur by different mechanisms in fruits: (a) the resistances to C02, 02, and ethylene mass transport are similar, but the apparent resistance to water is 60-to 100-fold smaller (14,15), suggesting that water moves preferentially in a liquid aqueous phase in the cuticle (28, 29); and (b) waxing inhibits the transport of C02, 02, and ethylene, but not of water, whereas the 10-to 15-,u-thick film restricts mainly the transport of water (28,29). This conclusion is in agreement with previous morphological observations which showed lack of a direct relationship between the number of stomata and the rate of transpiration in oranges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Water transport occurs by a different, much easier route, presumably in a liquid water phase in which gases diffuse I04 times less readily than in air (12,14). Evaporation at the outer cuticular surface creates a difference in water potential which draws liquid water by mass flow from the epidermal cells, through the liquid water phase of the cuticular membrane to the air/ water interface (28,29).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(17). Alternatively, it has been suggested that CO2 moves through the skin and 02 through the lenticels of fruits (23), and more recently Burg and Kosson (14) proposed that water moves preferentially through a liquid water phase, whereas gases move through airfilled pores.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Mass Transport of Water Vapor and Other Gases

Ben-Yehoshua

Burg²,

Young³

1985

Plant Physiol.

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107

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The resistance of oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Madf.) to ethylene, 02, CO2, and H20 mass transport was investigated anatomically with scanning electron microscope and physiologically by gas exchange measurements at steady state. The resistance of untreated fruit to water vapor is far less than to ethylene, CO2 and 02. Waxing partially or completely plugs stomatal pores and forms an intermittent cracked layer over the surface of fruit, restricting transport of ethylene, 02, and C02, but not of water, whereas individual sealing of fruit with high density polyethylene films reduces water transport by 90% without substantially inhibiting gas exchange.Stomata of harvested citrus fruits are essentially closed. However, ethylene, 02 and CO2 still diffuse mainly through the residual stomatal opening where the relative transport resistance (approximately 6,000 seconds per centimeter) depends on the relative diffusivity of each gas in air. Water moves preferentially by a different pathway, probably through a liquid aqueous phase in the cuticle where water conductance is 60-fold greater. Other gases are constrained from using this pathway because their diffusivity in liquid water is 10'-fold less than in air.The commercial practice ofwaxing fruits inadequately reduces transpiration, and yet it is so effective in restricting 02 and CO2 transport that off-flavors sometimes result (4-7). Conversely, sealing fruits individually in HDPE4 film reduces water loss 10-fold without changing the fruit's endogenous 02, C02, or ethylene content (6). Consequently, seal-packaging is more effective than waxing in preventing shrinkage and in extending the storage life of citrus and certain other fruits (6,7,10,20).The different effects which seal-packaging with a plastic film 10 ,um in thickness, and waxing, which forms a noncontinuous membrane i ,um in thickness, have on gas exchange are not easily explained by previous morphological studies concerning the distribution of applied waxes (4,7,8,31), nor by most current theories of gas mass transport in citrus and other fruits. Opinions differ widely concerning the relative contributions of the various mechanisms proposed to account for gas exchange in harvested fruits, although usually it is tacitly assumed that water and gases move by the same pathway. Air-filled stomata

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Mass Transport of Water Vapor and Other Gases

Ben-Yehoshua

Burg²,

Young³

1985

Plant Physiol.

Self Cite

107

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“…Vacuum storage, also known as hypobaric storage, has been used to extend shelf life of vegetables (Jamieson 1980, Burg and Kosson 1983, Gorris et al 1994, Burg 1990, Knee and Aggarwal 2000). Controlled atmospheres and vacuum storage were also studied for postharvest pest control Fleurat-Lessard 1990;Ke and Kader 1992;Whiting et al 1992;Yi et al 1992;Carpenter and Potter 1994;Mitcham et al 1997Mitcham et al , 2001.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Vacuum and Controlled Atmosphere Treatments on Insect Mortality and Lettuce Quality

Liu

2003

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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of vacuum and controlled atmosphere on mortality of aphids, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and leafminer, Liriomyza langei Frick, and on the visual quality of iceberg lettuce at three different temperatures. Vacuum at 50 mbar and controlled atmosphere with 6% CO2 were effective in controlling aphids and leafminer larvae. Complete control of N. ribisnigri and M. euphorbiae was achieved with vacuum treatments and 6% CO2 CA treatments at 5 degrees C in 4 d. Mortality was >96% when leafminer larvae were treated with vacuum and 6% CO2 CA treatments for 4 d. However, leafminer pupae were more tolerant to the treatments and highest mortality was close to 60% in 4 d with CO2 under vacuum. None of the treatments had negative effects on visual quality of iceberg lettuce. Results from this study are encouraging and warrant further and large-scale research.

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Hypobaric Storage

Thompson¹

2015

SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition

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Metabolism, Heat Transfer and Water Loss under Hypobaric Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Mass Transport of Water Vapor and Other Gases

Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Mass Transport of Water Vapor and Other Gases

Effects of Vacuum and Controlled Atmosphere Treatments on Insect Mortality and Lettuce Quality

Hypobaric Storage

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