Metabolite Profiling of Eastern Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens L.) Lipophilic Leaf Extracts with Hyaluronidase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity

Abstract

The phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Gaultheria procumbens dry lipophilic leaf extracts were evaluated. Forty compounds were identified by GC-MS, representing 86.36% and 81.97% of the petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts, respectively, with ursolic acid (28.82%), oleanolic acid (10.11%), methyl benzoate (10.03%), and methyl salicylate (6.88%) dominating in CHE, and methyl benzoate (21.59%), docosane (18.86%), and octacosane (11.72%) prevailing in PE. Three components of CHE were fully identified after flash chromatography isolation and spectroscopic studies as (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (4.35%), 8-demethyl-latifolin (1.13%), and 8-demethylsideroxylin (2.25%). Hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was tested for CHE (IC50 = 282.15 ± 10.38 μg/mL and 899.97 ± 31.17 μg/mL, respectively), PE (IC50 = 401.82 ± 16.12 μg/mL and 738.49 ± 15.92 μg/mL), and nine of the main constituents versus heparin (IC50 = 366.24 ± 14.72 μg/mL) and indomethacin (IC50 = 92.60 ± 3.71 μg/mL) as positive controls. With the best activity/concentration relationships, ursolic and oleanolic acids were recommended as analytical markers for the extracts and plant material. Seasonal variation of both markers following foliar development was investigated by UHPLC-PDA. The highest levels of ursolic (5.36–5.87 mg/g DW of the leaves) and oleanolic (1.14–1.26 mg/g DW) acids were observed between August and October, indicating the optimal season for harvesting.

Novel tetrahydroacridine derivatives with iodobenzoic moieties induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 non-small lung cancer and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells

“…All compounds were tested in a hyaluronidase inhibition test in order to determine their anti-inflammatory properties. The hyaluronidase inhibition study was carried out by turbidimetric method modified to the 96-well plates and previously described by Michel et al [40]. Compound solutions were prepared freshly before the assay.…”

“…Chronic inflammation is commonly associated with the development of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis or cancers. [40,[73][74][75][76].…”

Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils

“…tomato, where both are SA inducers [76]. The plant molecular response to MeSA has been studied into essential oil extracts from Gaultheria procumbent (GEO), whose metabolic profile has been characterized recently [77]. GEO induced defense response against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum and was very effective in inducing SA plant defense-related genes similarly to the synthetic MeSA and also induced some marker genes of JA pathway [78].…”

Influence of Heparinoid From Paeonia Lactiflora on Hemostatic System Within Conditions of Prethrombosis

“…Ранее было установлено, что в ряде растений содержатся компоненты, являющиеся составной частью гепарина и других ГАГ [12,13] с положительным воздействием на систему гемостаза как в норме, так и при некоторых патологических состояниях организма [14]. Из коры березы было получено антикоагулянтное средство гепариновой природы, обладающее ингибиторной активностью по отношению к фактору Ха и тромбину [15].…”