Metabolomic Assay, Computational Screening, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Caulerpa racemosa as an Anti-obesity With Anti-aging by Altering Lipid Profile and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1-α Levels

Abstract

Obesity is associated with an accelerated aging process, which prevents healthy aging. Both obesity and aging were manifested in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) level. These studies fulfill the scientific gap in assembled pharmacological activity assay of Caulerpa racemosa done in a previous preclinical trial. Six major compounds from sea grape (C. racemosa) extract were evaluated using an in silico approach against human pancreatic lipase, a-glucosidase, and a-amylase to predict prospective anti-obesity candidates. The lipase inhibitory activity of the extract reached 90.30 ± 0.40%, 1.75% lower than orlistat. The a-amylase inhibitory assay of the extract was 84.07 ± 5.28%, while the inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase was 81.67 ± 1.54%; both were lower than acarbose. We observe the effect of C. racemosa extract as anti-obesity with anti-aging by evaluating the obesity parameters in the human body for a 4-week period. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body weight (p < 0.05); PGC-1α and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly (p = 0.000), in Group B when compared with Group A. Our study revealed that sea grape extract is a potent anti-obesity with an anti-aging reagent that does not produce any significant adverse effects.

Integration of in vitro and in-silico analysis of Caulerpa racemosa against antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities

“…The authors also reported that the primary amino acids contained in C. racemosa are aspartic and glutamic acids, followed by other amino acids such as alanine. 13 .…”

Modulation of gut microbiota and markers of metabolic syndrome in mice on cholesterol and fat enriched diet by butterfly pea flower kombucha

“…The reference sample includes enzymes and reagents, excluding the sample. KBPF inhibitory values were calculated according to Permatasari et al (2022b) .…”

Caulerpa racemosa extract inhibits HeLa cancer cells migration by altering expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins

“…The coarse powder (1,000 g) was macerated in 96% ethanol and evaporated in an oven at 40°C to produce a thick extract (which resulted in 34% yield) and dissolve the extract using DMSO. In our previous study ( Permatasari et al, 2022b ), the metabolite profile content of Caulerpa racemosa extract has been observed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and obtained a mass of 398,13,278 (397,12,257 m/z) which indicates the presence of the antioxidant compound caulerpin in Caulerpa racemosa extract. This further research proves that the content of secondary metabolites in Caulerpa racemosa extract, such as caulerpin, is highly potential compound as an anticancer ( Permatasari et al, 2022b ).…”

“…In our previous study ( Permatasari et al, 2022b ), the metabolite profile content of Caulerpa racemosa extract has been observed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and obtained a mass of 398,13,278 (397,12,257 m/z) which indicates the presence of the antioxidant compound caulerpin in Caulerpa racemosa extract. This further research proves that the content of secondary metabolites in Caulerpa racemosa extract, such as caulerpin, is highly potential compound as an anticancer ( Permatasari et al, 2022b ). Also, the safety profile of C. racemosa has been investigated using the MTT assay in another study, and in that study, the LC 50 value for a macerated extract of C. racemosa (EM) in 24 h of incubation is 914.78 μg/ml.…”