Metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in gastroenterology

Preter, Vicky De; Verbeke, Kristin

doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v4.i4.97

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The analytical techniques used to study the metabolome, include gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC) and high/ultra-performance liquid chromatography (H/UPLC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) 54 . Different metabolomic approaches have been applied in human biomaterials, including fecal water extracts, blood serum and urine samples, aiming to discriminate IBD patients from control subjects [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] .…”

Section: E Constructing the Ibd Metabolomementioning

confidence: 99%

Systems biology in inflammatory bowel diseases

Polytarchou¹,

Κούκος²,

Iliopoulos³

2014

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of review: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) are the two predominant types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting over 1.4 million individuals in the US. IBD results from complex interactions between pathogenic components, including genetic and epigenetic factors, the immune response and the microbiome through an unknown sequence of events. The purpose of this review is to describe a system biology approach to IBD as a novel and exciting methodology aiming at developing novel IBD therapeutics based on the integration of molecular and cellular "omics" data.

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Section: E Constructing the Ibd Metabolomementioning

confidence: 99%

Systems biology in inflammatory bowel diseases

Polytarchou¹,

Κούκος²,

Iliopoulos³

2014

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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“…The microbial metabolism is more likely reflected in the fecal metabolome than in urinary and serum of breath profiles which more closely reflect the host's metabolism. Urinary profiles contain human and human-microbial co-metabolites whereas serum profiles seem less influenced by bacterial metabolism [5] .…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Metabolic Activities In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolites are chemically very diverse, have different physicochemical properties and have a large dynamic concentration range in different biological samples. By selecting a specific analytical strategy and a biomatrix, the metabolome will be reduced to those specific conditions [5] . To cover the complete metabolome, different analytical platforms are necessary.…”

Section: Metabolomics: Analytical Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genomic and protein data mainly indicate the potential for specific metabolic functions, whereas metabolomics integrates the effects of gene regulation, post-transcriptional regulation and pathway interactions. Gene expression and proteins do not always reflect the effective physiological processes, as several downstream regulatory mechanisms are involved [5] . Currently, metabolomic techniques are increasingly used to elucidate IBD disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and to allow better stratification of patients into IBD subtypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics in the Clinical Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Preter¹

2015

Dig Dis

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Background: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis represent the 2 major phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that are characterized by chronic inflammation of all or parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of both diseases is influenced by genetic predispositions as well as microbial and environmental factors. Currently, there is an emerging consensus hypothesis that a microbial dysbiosis is involved in initiating the disease or in maintaining it. These compositional alterations may be reflected in altered metabolic activities of the gut microbiota and has led to the use of ‘omic' profiling to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD. Key Messages: In the past few years, a metabolic approach has increasingly been applied in a number of studies of experimental and human IBD which were mostly focused on exploring disease-related metabolites to gain more insight into metabolic pathways. Metabolomics involves the high throughput identification, characterization and quantification of small molecule metabolites by different analytical techniques and has been performed in different biofluids such as serum/plasma, urine or fecal samples. The application of such a metabolite profiling technique has revealed different metabolites that allow the discrimination of IBD patients from healthy controls. In addition, separate IBD subtypes could be differentiated. Some of these metabolic changes were directly associated to alterations of specific gut microbial populations, implying a perturbation in the gut microbiome in the development of IBD. Conclusions: This review covers the emerging contribution of metabolomics for the discovery of an IBD signature and to identify biomarkers linked with a metabolic imbalance. For the implementation of metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in IBD, large prospective cohort studies are necessary.

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“…12,13 Metabolomics studies have been reported in human patients with IBD as well as animal models of IBD, and provided new insights into disease pathogenesis. 14,15 Using mass spectrometry platforms, an untargeted metabolomics approach can identify hundreds of metabolites in biological samples simultaneously, and therefore provides a comprehensive functional overview of biochemical pathways that are being up-or downregulated during different physiologic or pathophysiologic state. 16 In veterinary medicine, only few studies have utilized this approach in clinical patients, 17,18 and to our knowledge, no studies using an untargeted metabolomics approach have been reported in dogs with IBD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

et al. 2015

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Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common cause of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease in dogs. The combination of an underlying host genetic susceptibility, an intestinal dysbiosis, and dietary/environmental factors are suspected as main contributing factors in the pathogenesis of canine IBD. However, actual mechanisms of the hostmicrobe interactions remain elusive. The aim of this study was to compare the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles between healthy dogs (n D 10) and dogs with IBD before and after 3 weeks of medical therapy (n D 12). Fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles were characterized by 454-pyrosequencing of 16 S rRNA genes and by an untargeted metabolomics approach, respectively. Significantly lower bacterial diversity and distinct microbial communities were observed in dogs with IBD compared to the healthy control dogs. While Gammaproteobacteria were overrepresented, Erysipelotrichia, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia were underrepresented in dogs with IBD. The functional gene content was predicted from the 16 S rRNA gene data using PICRUSt, and revealed overrepresented bacterial secretion system and transcription factors, and underrepresented amino acid metabolism in dogs with IBD. The serum metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, hexuronic acid, ribose, and gluconic acid lactone were significantly more abundant in dogs with IBD. Although a clinical improvement was observed after medical therapy in all dogs with IBD, this was not accompanied by significant changes in the fecal microbiota or in serum metabolite profiles. These results suggest the presence of oxidative stress and a functional alteration of the GI microbiota in dogs with IBD, which persisted even in the face of a clinical response to medical therapy.

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Metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in gastroenterology

Cited by 66 publications

References 70 publications

Systems biology in inflammatory bowel diseases

Systems biology in inflammatory bowel diseases

Metabolomics in the Clinical Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

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