Metabolomics in Plant-Microbe Interactions: Unveiling Chemical Dialogues and Advancing Agriculture

Abstract

Plant-microbe interactions are essential for shaping ecosystems and driving agricultural productivity. Metabolomics has transformed our understanding of these interactions by offering an unparalleled window into the intricate chemical conversations that dictate their outcomes. This review delves into the diverse array of metabolomics techniques employed to investigate plant-microbe interactions, including cutting-edge approaches like mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and imaging. We also explore the application of state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools, databases, and the burgeoning impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on metabolomics data analysis. By seamlessly integrating metabolomics with other omics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics, we can construct a holistic picture of the molecular underpinnings that shape plant-microbe interactions. Furthermore, we highlight the vital complementary role of fluxomics in illuminating the dynamic nature of metabolic networks. Despite the challenges inherent in data analysis, integration, and interpretation, metabolomics has catalyzed a quantum leap in our understanding of the multifaceted roles metabolites play in sculpting plant-microbe interactions. As metabolomics technologies continue to evolve and synergize with other omics approaches, we stand on the cusp of revolutionary discoveries that will unravel these complex interactions and ultimately usher in transformative strategies for sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.