Metagenomic and metabolic analyses of poly-extreme microbiome from an active crater volcano lake

Abstract

Background: El Chichón volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. Previous studies have described the poly-extreme conditions of the lake crater but its bacterial composition and the functional features of the complete microbiome have not been characterized yet.Methods: This study integrated two approaches to explain the microbiology diversity and abundance, one focused on the environmental genomic potential by metagenomics approach, and other culturomics of enrichment of bacteria and archaea. The microbial diversity of the anaerobic consortia cultivated in was carried out by metabarcoding analysis, the metabolic capacity by metabolomics uxes of carbon and enzymologic techniques for the analysis of sulfate reduction in laboratory-grown prokaryotic cells.Results: This work provides new information on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the Archea representative phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota as well as the phyla Thermotogales and Aqui cae for Bacteria. Through the analysis of microbial consortia cultivation and the genetic information collected from the natural environment sampling, metabolic interactions were identi ed between the microorganisms that support the life of the microbiome under multi-extreme conditions. A close relationship is proposed between the cycles of carbon and sulfur in an active volcano.Conclusions: This research contributes to the understanding of microbial metabolism under extreme conditions and potential knowledge of "microbial dark matter" that can be applied in biotechnological processes and evolutionary studies.

Unexpected diversity found within benthic microbial mats at hydrothermal springs in Crater Lake, Oregon

“…The co-occurrence of dsrAB and soxAB genes in Betaproteobacteria is likely due to these sulfur-oxidizing autotrophs utilizing both sets of genes in the oxidative direction; some sulfur-oxidizing bacteria have been found to express both dsrAB and sox AB genes ( Müller et al, 2015 ; Watanabe et al, 2019 ). In the active crater volcano lake El Chichón, genes involved in oxidative and reductive sulfur metabolisms were found in high abundances in sediment microbial communities, indicating that sulfur cycling is critical in other crater lake benthos ( Peña-Ocaña et al, 2022 ).…”

Cultivation of gastrointestinal microbiota in a new growth system revealed dysbiosis and metabolic disruptions in carcinoma-bearing rats

“…The culture medium was prepared based on the high-salt medium designed for methanogens, modified for the cultivation of anaerobic extremophiles, and redesigned for anaerobic gastrointestinal microbiota cells (Sowers et al, 1993;Peña-Ocaña et al, 2022). Because one of the aims of this study was to evaluate the activity of enzymes involved in organic matter degradation of the cultured microbiota, insoluble fiber was not added; instead, specific concentrations of a wide range of substrates, such as carbohydrates (mono-and disaccharides), soluble triacetylglycerol (TAG), organic acids, and amino acids, were added.…”

“…in addition, 100 mM NaCl and mineral and vitamin solutions were added (Peña-Ocaña et al, 2022). The culture medium was buffered with 10 mM NaHCO 3 and 25 mM HEPES (final pH 6.8-7.0).…”

“…well as Thermotogales and Aquificae, from the Archaea and Bacteria domains, respectively, were mainly identified. Furthermore, with the development in the culture approach, metabolic interactions were identified between prokaryotes (Peña-Ocaña et al, 2022).…”

Special Issue: Diversity of Extremophiles in Time and Space

“…Over time, scientists have built the knowledge of extremophiles, overcoming intrinsic challenges such as the risks that are sometimes associated with sampling in extreme environments, the problems posed by the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of extreme ecosystems and the difficulties reproducing the physicochemical conditions required to cultivate these microorganisms [5][6][7]. With the development of new DNA sequencing methodologies in the 1990s, knowledge of the microbial diversity and biological processes in these environments increased exponentially; however, it also became evident that isolation was irreplaceable in order to fully characterize the physiology and behavior of microorganisms.…”