Metaheuristic Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in MANET Using Battle Royale Optimization

Abstract

Trust based routing with energy efficiency in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is a challenging task due to the complex nature of the network. Based on the MANET infrastructure, the interoperability of temporary communication is assured; however, there is no supervisory control process for MANET routing in terms of trust and security. As a result, stability routing is avoided in MANETs which can damage the network's dynamic nature. In this paper, a trust based multi-objective battle royale optimization (T-MOBRO) algorithm is proposed based on the conventional battle royale optimization (BRO) algorithm. To address the limitation of trust based energy efficiency routing in conventional BRO, a novel method T-MOBRO is suggested. The T-MOBRO algorithm establishes trust based routing along with energy efficiency by considering trust, energy, distance as its fitness function. The multiobjectives of the proposed model are said to be distance, energy consumption, packet forwarding rate (PFR), end to end delay (EED), direct trust (Trust DT ), and indirect trust (Trust IDT ). The BRO algorithm is based on gameplay that is inspired by battle royale video games. The proposed approach is evaluated using throughput, average energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay (EED). The PDR for the developed T-MOBRO method for 10 nodes is 99.58%, throughput is 4032.29 bits/second, end to end delay is less with 0.0070 seconds, and energy consumption of the MANET is less with 1.7Joules for the T-MOBRO method.

Migrating Walrus Algorithm: A New Metaheuristic that Hybridizes Migration Algorithm and Walrus Optimization Algorithm

“…The first process is generating the initial walrus based on uniform distribution as stated in Eq. (1). The second process is updating the best walrus as stated in Eq.…”

“…Mahadevachar and Hosur modified the new battle royale optimization (BRO) into trust-based multi-objective battle royale optimization (T-MBRO) to optimize energy efficiency in the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) [1]. There are five parameters constructed as its objective: distance, energy consumption, trust, and the packet forwarding rate [1]. Mahdi and Yuhaniz modified the sparrow search algorithm and utilized it to improve the categorization of COVID-19 patients [2].…”