Metal-based Antimicrobials

Monych, Nadia K.; Gugala, Natalie; Turner, Raymond J.

doi:10.1039/9781788012638-00252

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Although it is lifesaving in some patients, in others this treatment may be excessive and lead to antibiotic side effects such as septic shock, killing normal microbiota and contribute to AMR (62-64). Our research group has been investigating metal-based antimicrobials in response to the AMR era (65)(66)(67)(68)(69). A number of different metal elements being reintroduced into regular infection control applications have been observed (68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes

2020

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RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) and 3C-like proteinase (3CL pro ) are two main enzymes that play a key role in the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Zinc (Zn) has strong immunogenic properties and is known to bind to a number of proteins, modulating their activities. Zn also has a history of use in viral infection control. Thus, the present study models potential Zn binding to RdRp and the 3CL pro . Through molecular modeling, the Zn binding sites in the aforementioned two important enzymes of viral replication were found to be conserved between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. The location of these sites may influence the enzymatic activity of 3CL pro and RdRp in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since Zn has established immune health benefits, is readily available, non-expensive and a safe food supplement, with the comparisons presented here between SARS-CoV and COVID-19, the present study proposes that Zn could help ameliorate the disease process of COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our research group has been investigating metal-based antimicrobials in response to the AMR era ( 65 - 69 ). A number of different metal elements being reintroduced into regular infection control applications have been observed ( 68 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes

2020

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“…Thus, solving the antibiotic resistance problem of bacteria growing as a biofilm. In addition to being able to bypass the biofilm antibiotic resistance phenotype, studies often observe that many metal ions are effective against antibiotic resistant and multidrug resistant strains and clinical isolates (Gugala 2017 , 2019a ; b ; Monych et al 2019 ). These observations have led to an enhanced interest in metalloantimicrobials in the medical field (further discussed in Gugala and Turner ( 2018 ).…”

Section: The Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good, the bad, and the ugly of metals as antimicrobials

Turner

2023

Biometals

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We are now moving into the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) era where more antibiotic resistant bacteria are now the majority, a problem brought on by both misuse and over use of antibiotics. Unfortunately, the antibiotic development pipeline dwindled away over the past decades as they are not very profitable compounds for companies to develop. Regardless researchers over the past decade have made strides to explore alternative options and out of this we see revisiting historical infection control agents such as toxic metals. From this we now see a field of research exploring the efficacy of metal ions and metal complexes as antimicrobials. Such antimicrobials are delivered in a variety of forms from metal salts, alloys, metal complexes, organometallic compounds, and metal based nanomaterials and gives us the broad term metalloantimicrobials. We now see many effective formulations applied for various applications using metals as antimicrobials that are effective against drug resistant strains. The purpose of the document here is to step aside and begin a conversation on the issues of use of such toxic metal compounds against microbes. This critical opinion mini-review in no way aims to be comprehensive. The goal here is to understand the benefits of metalloantimicrobials, but also to consider strongly the disadvantages of using metals, and what are the potential consequences of misuse and overuse. We need to be conscious of the issues, to see the entire system and affect through a OneHealth vision.

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“…The NPs have characteristic properties such as sizes as low as 10–100 nm, pore size, high surface area to volume ratio, surface charge and density, amorphous and crystalline structures, spherical or cylindrical in shape, colored, high reactivity, and their sensitivity to environmental factors like moisture, air, heat, and sunlight ( Ealias and Saravanakumar, 2017 ). Metal-based NPs are synthesized from metals such as aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gold (Au), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) ( Monych et al, 2019 ) and can exist in solutions. These NPs have gained much attention in pharmaceutical industries for their use in manufacturing medicines ( Padrela et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications

et al. 2021

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Nanotechnology has become a very advanced and popular form of technology with huge potentials. Nanotechnology has been very well explored in the fields of electronics, automobiles, construction, medicine, and cosmetics, but the exploration of nanotecnology’s use in agriculture is still limited. Due to climate change, each year around 40% of crops face abiotic and biotic stress; with the global demand for food increasing, nanotechnology is seen as the best method to mitigate challenges in disease management in crops by reducing the use of chemical inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides. The use of these toxic chemicals is potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, using NPs as fungicides/ bactericides or as nanofertilizers, due to their small size and high surface area with high reactivity, reduces the problems in plant disease management. There are several methods that have been used to synthesize NPs, such as physical and chemical methods. Specially, we need ecofriendly and nontoxic methods for the synthesis of NPs. Some biological organisms like plants, algae, yeast, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi have emerged as superlative candidates for the biological synthesis of NPs (also considered as green synthesis). Among these biological methods, endophytic microorganisms have been widely used to synthesize NPs with low metallic ions, which opens a new possibility on the edge of biological nanotechnology. In this review, we will have discussed the different methods of synthesis of NPs, such as top-down, bottom-up, and green synthesis (specially including endophytic microorganisms) methods, their mechanisms, different forms of NPs, such as magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), β-d-glucan nanoparticles (GNPs), and engineered nanoparticles (quantum dots, metalloids, nonmetals, carbon nanomaterials, dendrimers, and liposomes), and their molecular approaches in various aspects. At the molecular level, nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and RNA-interference molecules, can also be used as molecular tools to carry genetic material during genetic engineering of plants. In plant disease management, NPs can be used as biosensors to diagnose the disease.

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Metal-based Antimicrobials

Cited by 5 publications

References 133 publications

Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes

Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes

The good, the bad, and the ugly of metals as antimicrobials

Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications

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