Metal Catalysis inside Polymer Frameworks: Evaluation of Catalyst Stability and Reusability

Abstract

The polymer framework of a resin-based catalyst built up with Pd nanoclusters (ca. 3 nm) dispersed inside the nanoporous domains of a thermally stable gel-type polyacrylic resin exhibits a good chemical stability under 5 bar H(2) at 40 degrees C for reasonable contact times. Chemical and physico-chemical integrity of the polymer framework are checked with a variety of instrumental analytical methods. Catalyst reusability turns out to be quite good.

Effect of interparticle interaction on the low temperature oxidation of CO over size-selected Au nanocatalysts supported on ultrathin TiC films

“…In order to get more in-depth knowledge of possible deactivation mechanisms [22][23][24], special attention has been devoted to the investigation of the dynamic character of a catalyst's surface under ''real-world'' reaction conditions [25,26]. Furthermore, the stability of catalysts has been systematically monitored by using differently spaced metal nanostructures and size-shape-confining prefabricated supports [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Gel‐Type Polyacrylic Resins Cross‐Linked with Trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate: The Issue of Their Nanostructure and Molecular Accessibility Unveiled with a Combination of Inverse Steric Exclusion Chromatography (ISEC), and ESR and CP‐MAS 13C NMR Spectroscopy

“…The relevance of these conceptual and physical tools to metal catalysis technology has been recently highlighted by us. [21][22][23][24] Inter alia, we have in fact discovered that functional resins, thanks to their controllable nanoporosity, can behave as templates in the production of size-controlled metal nanoclusters (template controlled synthesis approach); [22] this fact is relevant for applications in chemical processing.…”

Generation of a silica skeleton inside of gel-type functional resins supporting catalytically active palladium nanoclusters

“…We have recently reported on the chemical and mechanical stability of resins-supported Pd 0 catalysts, R/Pd 0 (R: functional gel-type resin) that are found to combine satisfactory activity and reusability in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene under mild conditions [1]. We have also recently reported in this Journal on the synthesis, preliminary characterization and catalytic activity of two three-components composites based on a given functional gel-type resin, R, nanoclustered palladium(0), Pd 0 , and amorphous silica, SiO 2 [2], i.e.…”

“…1. Functional gel-type resins are SPIM(H) and MPIF(H) in their protonated, as prepared, form and in the form of SPIM − Na + [1] and MPIF − Na + when they stem from the reduction step that is implicated in both routes ␣ and ␤, Fig. 1 [1,17].…”

“…Functional gel-type resins are SPIM(H) and MPIF(H) in their protonated, as prepared, form and in the form of SPIM − Na + [1] and MPIF − Na + when they stem from the reduction step that is implicated in both routes ␣ and ␤, Fig. 1 [1,17]. The herein described morphological analysis at the nanometer level will provide clear evidence of the reasons that permit the attainment of quite acceptable catalytic activity in materials that stem from the merging of the accessible frameworks of two active conventional catalysts such as SPIM − Na + /Pd 0 and MPIF − Na + /Pd 0 [1] with Table 1 Production and features of SPIM(H)/SiO 2 , MPIF(H)/SiO 2 , ␣-SPIM − Na + /Pd 0 /SiO 2 , ␣-MPIF − Na + /Pd 0 /SiO 2 , ␤-SPIM − Na + /Pd 0 /SiO 2 ␤-MPIF − Na + /Pd 0 / SiO 2 (see text and Table 2 the framework of amorphous silica designed to be, in this case, just a spectator filler.…”