Metal hydride hydrogen storage for near-ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure applications, a PDSC study

Hagström, Magnus; Lund, Peter; Vanhanen, J. P.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(95)00025-9

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hydrogen can be stored as compressed gas [199][200][201][202], cryogenic liquid [202], in solids (metal hydrides, carbon materials) [203] and in liquid carriers (methanol, ammonia) [171], though large-scale hydrogen storage is still challenging and expensive. Converting hydrogen to electricity in a fuel cell produces only water vapor as a side product.…”

Section: Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Lund

Lindgren

Mikkola

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

1,294

578

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Title: Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity Article Type: Review Article Keywords: energy system flexibility; DSM; energy storage; ancillary service; electricity market; smart grid Abstract: The paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different "P2Y"-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To "functionalize" or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options available seems to be promising. AbstractThe paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different -P2Y‖-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To -functionalize‖ or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options avai...

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Section: Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Lund

Lindgren

Mikkola

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

1,294

578

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The Eq. (12) can then be used to calculate the resulting change in the Gibbs free energy for the hydrogen generating chemical reaction in Eq. (1) as a function of temperature.…”

Section: Hydrogen Generation Apparatus Operating Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an efficient, high purity hydrogen generation apparatus and method for a sustainable, closed clean energy cycle

Stern

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Hydrogen on demand Safe hydrogen generation Hydrogen energy cycle Sodium metal Water reactant Sodium hydroxide byproduct Clean energy cycle a b s t r a c tIn this paper we present a detailed design study of a novel apparatus for safely generating hydrogen (H 2 ) on demand according to a novel method, using a controlled chemical reaction between water (H 2 O) and sodium (Na) metal that yields hydrogen gas of sufficient purity for direct use in fuel cells without risk of contaminating sensitive catalysts. The apparatus consists of a first pressure vessel filled with liquid H 2 O with an overpressure of nitrogen (N 2 ) gas above the H 2 O reactant, and a second pressure vessel that stores solid Na reactant. Hydrogen gas is generated above the solid Na when H 2 O reactant is introduced using a regulator that senses when the downstream pressure of H 2 gas above the solid Na reactant has dropped below a threshold value. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) byproduct of the hydrogen producing reaction, is collected within the apparatus for later reprocessing by electrolysis, to recover the Na reactant.

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“…Several metals or alloys can be used to store hydrogen by the formation of metal hydrides [11,[13][14][15], as shown in Eq. (A.1):…”

Section: A1 Description Of Reference Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sake of comparison, in the analysis of the expected safety performances three different potentialities were considered for hydrogen industrial storage processes: "small-", "medium-", and "large-scale" applications. These were defined on the basis of the analysis of technical literature [1,2,[8][9][10][11] and of available commercial datasheets.…”

Section: Alternative Technologies Proposed For Hydrogen Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, several innovative technologies were proposed for hydrogen storage. Examples are the adsorption on metals or the storage as a complex hydride [1,2,8,11]. However, due to the large effort still needed to develop these technologies and to the growing risk-aversion in the society, a preliminary analysis and a comparison of their expected safety performances seems of fundamental importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inherent safety key performance indicators for hydrogen storage systems

Landucci

Tugnoli

Cozzani

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Metal hydride hydrogen storage for near-ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure applications, a PDSC study

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Design of an efficient, high purity hydrogen generation apparatus and method for a sustainable, closed clean energy cycle

Inherent safety key performance indicators for hydrogen storage systems

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