Metal Nanoparticles for Improving Bactericide Functionality of Usual Fibers

Abstract

A wide variety of microbiological hazards stimulates a constant development of new protective materials against them. For that, the application of some nanomaterials seems to be very promising. Modification of usual fibers with different metal nanoparticles was successfully illustrated in the work. Tantal nanoparticles have shown the highest antibacterial potency within fibrous materials against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Besides, the effect of tantal nanoparticles towards luminescent Photobacterium phosphoreum cells estimating the general sample ecotoxicity was issued for the first time.

Combined Modification of Fiber Materials by Enzymes and Metal Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Protection

“…Material #2 had multilayer structure with activated carbon layer between polyester nonwoven fabrics. Material #4 was investigated previously [14], it contained 30% cotton and 70% meta polyaramide fiber fabric and was covered by poly(vinylidene difluoride)-copoly(tetrafluoroethylene) membrane. The water vapor transmission rate through materials #1-#4 over 24 h, measured according to ISO 2528:2017, was 367, 47, 300 and 480 g/m 2 , respectively.…”

“…Metal NPs were obtained in a plasma electric arc discharge as published previously [14,28] using ethanol as a solvent. They were characterized by size using a transmission electron microscope LEO 912 AB OMEGA (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with energy filter and Keller system; by size distribution and ζ-potential using dynamic light scattering on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK); by qualitative elemental composition using an atomic-emission spectrometer iCAP 6300 Radial View (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) with inductively coupled plasma.…”

“…To wit, 10 µL of 10 g/L antimicrobial agent and 5 µL of 2.5 g/L PGA (or 1 g/L His 6 -OPH) complexed with PLE 50 (at molar ratio 1:1) in a PBS buffer (pH 7.4) were sequentially applied to samples of bacterial cellulose (1 cm × 1 cm) and dried for 20-22 h at +8 • C under sterile conditions. Then, antibacterial activity was analyzed according to the previously published procedure [14] with cells of the G(−) bacterium E. coli DH5α (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and the G(+) bacterium B. subtilis B-522 (All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, Russia). Cells were aerobically cultivated in Luria-Bertani (LB) culture medium on a thermostatically controlled Adolf Kuhner AG shaker (Basel, Switzerland) at 37 • C and agitation of 150 rpm.…”

“…It is reasonable and may be interesting to combine multipurpose active substances into a single multifunctional material, for example, by its simultaneous modification with metal nanoparticles and enzyme(s). Previously, a simple method was applied to typical fibers to achieve their modification by metal NPs [14], and the best bactericidal activity was observed with Ta and Zn. On the other hand, many other antimicrobials (antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, hydrolytic enzymes) can also be applied with fiber materials for the bacterial cell disruption and material self-sterilization.…”

Recent Progress in Antimicrobial Nanomaterials

“…Furthermore, these vacancies can influence charge transport and electron–hole recombination processes by trapping charge carriers in the defect sites. To achieve antibacterial inactivation under visible light, TiO 2 NPs can be doped with metal and nonmetal elements, modified with carbonaceous nanomaterials, coupled with other metal-oxide semiconductors, or deposited onto fibrous materials [ 11 , 12 ]. The modification of TiO 2 NPs with carbon-based nanomaterials, such as nanotubes or graphene, also results in efficient ROS formation under visible-light irradiation [ 13 ].…”