Metal Organic Frameworks as Robust Host of Palladium Nanoparticles in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Synthesis, Application, and Prospect

Abstract

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are one set of the most excellent supports for Pd nanoparticles (NPs). MOFs as the host mainly have the following advantages: (i) they provide size limits for highly dispersed Pd NPs; (ii) fixing Pd NPs is beneficial for separation and reuse, avoiding the loss of expensive metals; (iii) the MOFs skeleton is diversified and functionalized, which is beneficial to enhancing the interaction with Pd NPs and prolonging the service life of the catalyst. This review discusses the synthesis strategy of Pd@MOF, which provides guidance for the synthesis of similar materials. After that, the research advance of Pd@MOF in heterogeneous catalysis is comprehensively summarized, including C–C coupling reaction, benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction, simple olefin hydrogenation reaction, nitroaromatic compound reduction, tandem reaction, and the photocatalysis, with the emphasis in providing a comparison with the performance of other alternative Pd-containing catalysts. In the final section, this review presents the current challenges and which are the next goals in this field.

Recent developments in catalysis with Pickering Emulsions

“…For catalysts that are compatible with each other, a combination of the traditional synthesis strategies used for mono-catalyst particles is sufficient as is the case for the noble metal nanoparticles supported on the MOF. 72 For catalysts that are incompatible, such as acid and base catalysts, spatial separation of the catalysts and alternative synthesis methods are necessary to avoid active site quenching.…”

Photosensitive Hybrid Nanostructured Materials: The Big Challenges for Sunlight Capture

“…A combination of photoactive ligands with MNPs significantly further promotes photocatalytic performance. This occurs in UiO-66-NH 2 and even in MIL-125(Ti)−NH 2 MOFs, whose already relevant properties can be improved by encapsulating Pd [249], Pt [250], or Au [251]. Accepting photogenerated electrons from inorganic semiconductor clusters, Pt and Au can also act as co-catalysts in redox processes [272].…”

Sensing Properties of NH2-MIL-101 Series for Specific Amino Acids via Turn-On Fluorescence

“…MOFs are of high diversity in structures and properties, typically showing advantages of high porosity, high specific surface area, openly accessible functional sites, tunable pore size and high chemical/thermal stability [ 19 ]. Due to these superior features, MOFs have been successfully used in different areas including heterogeneous catalysis [ 20 ], gas adsorption and separation [ 21 , 22 ], chemical sensing [ 23 ], drug delivery [ 24 ], bioimaging [ 25 ], etc. As for the luminescent MOFs, the guest species introduced may interact with the backbones of MOFs and result in the enhancement or suppression of luminescence, thereby enabling the application of luminescent MOFs in chemical sensing [ 26 , 27 ].…”