Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy Applications

Abstract

Recently, the development of clean sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies to deal with environmental pollution and the forthcoming energy crisis has attracted much attention in the energy research community. It is critical to develop carriers to store energy or to facilitate mass and electron transportation in energy storage and conversion. The emerging metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are well suited for this purpose because of their inherent advantages, including structural diversity, functionality, tailorability, and versatile applications. Moreover, when utilized as supports and sacrificial precursors, MOFs can immobilize active functional materials and create highly controllable nanostructures, respectively, gaining new momentum for energy applications. In this review, we present the recent progress in the field of energy storage and conversion using MOFs and their composites and derivatives by focusing on the correlation of structure, composition, and function.

Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Catalysts for Photoreduction of CO2

“…[69][70][71][72][73][74] The constituents of MOF photocatalysts determine their characteristic properties that have a direct impact on their photocatalytic activities. [69][70][71][72][73][74] The constituents of MOF photocatalysts determine their characteristic properties that have a direct impact on their photocatalytic activities.…”

“…[10] MOFs are composed of inorganic and organic components, which correspond to metal ions or clusters and organic linkers, respectively. [69][70][71][72][73][74] The high-density metal nodes provide abundant catalytic active sites. [66][67][68] Resembling inorganic semiconductors, some MOFs also show photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of UV or visible light; their metal clusters are regarded as inorganic semiconductor quantum dots and their organic linkers can be taken as antennae to harvest light and sensitize and activate these metal clusters.…”

“…[69][70][71][72][73][74] The high-density metal nodes provide abundant catalytic active sites. [70,71,74,78,80] Others mainly shed light on different CO 2 -conversion reactions, such as the cycloaddition of CO 2 , photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 , and electrocatalytic conversion of CO 2 . As a result, the photoinduced electrons migrate from the photoexcited organic linkers to the adjacent metal nodes rather than the external surface of the whole semiconducting MOFs, suggesting that the low bulk recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs occurs in the migration process.…”

In Situ Coupling Strategy for the Preparation of FeCo Alloys and Co4N Hybrid for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution

“…Therefore, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to search and develop active, stable, and cost-effective OER catalysts. [21][22][23][24][25] The resultant new material exhibits an outstanding OER activity with a low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 and high durability in an alkaline medium.An in situ coupling approach is developed to create a new highly efficient and durable cobalt-based electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [1] A wide variety of Co-based OER electrocatalysts have been well prepared, [1] including metallic cobalt nitride (Co 4 N) porous nanowire arrays, [8] cobalt-based borate (Co-Bi) ultrathin nanosheets/graphene hybrid [13] and Co-based bimetallic phosphide ultrathin nanosheets, [18] and so on.…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25] The resultant new material exhibits an outstanding OER activity with a low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 and high durability in an alkaline medium. The key to our success lies in the simultaneous installation of OERactive FeCo alloy nanoparticles and Co 4 N within a porous N-doped carbon (N-C) framework through a facile pyrolysis of bimetallic porous phthalocyanine-based network.…”