Metalloregulatory Proteins

Abstract

Metalloregulators are proteins that bind metals and modulate gene expression through direct interactions with DNA or RNA. The genes under this metal‐dependent control encode a variety of proteins involved in the cellular homeostasis of both essential and toxic metals. Metalloregulators are present in all types of organisms, and extensive information exists about their mechanisms, although many unanswered questions remain. The global activities of these metal‐responsive factors require overcoming complex challenges, such as the manner in which the proteins regulate gene expression, the mechanisms of the metal‐dependent protein conformation transformations, and the ability of the proteins to recognize the designated metal(s). An understanding of these key biomolecules draws from disciplines such as cell biology, protein chemistry, and inorganic chemistry and provides molecular insight into one fundamental aspect of life.