Metals and Alloys

Benvenuto, Mark A.

doi:10.1515/9783110441857

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Copper stands out for its applications in the electrical and electronics industry. In comparison, aluminium stands out as a structural input (planes, boats, bicycles and cars) in the packaging industry Ayres and Peiro (2013);Benvenuto (2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Booms in commodities price: assessing disorder and similarity overeconomic cycles

Fernandes¹,

Araujo²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This paper provides an overview of the commodities market, considering three relevant attributes: predictability, similarity, and efficiency. We examine the monthly spot and futures prices time series for 22 commodities from January 1984 until January 2022 with 457 observations. We estimate the permutation entropy (𝐸 𝑠 ) and Fisher information measure 𝐹 𝑠 using the Bandt & Pompe method (BPM). We employ the value of these two complexity measures to construct the Shannon-Fisher Causality Plane (SFCP), which allows us to evaluate the disorder and assess the randomness present in the monthly spot and futures prices time series for these commodities. Moreover, we apply 𝐸 𝑠 and 𝐹 𝑠 to classify the commodities using complexity hierarchy. We find that the commodities that are located farther from the random ideal position (𝐸 𝑠 = 1, 𝐹 𝑠 = 0) in the SFCP, such as Natural gas, Europe; Iron ore, cfr spot, and Potassium chloride are marked by lower entropy, higher predictability and lower efficiency. In contrast, the commodities that are located near the random ideal position (𝐸 𝑠 = 1, 𝐹 𝑠 = 0) in the SFCP, such as Crude oil -Brent; Crude oil -average, and Silver are characterized by higher entropy, lower predictability and higher efficiency. The K-means algorithm and the hierarchical cluster grouped commodities into only three distinct groups, which is a strong indication that commodity prices have very similar behaviour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel is used as an input in the manufacture of stainless steel and superalloys the aerospace industry uses. At the same time, Tin is overused by the food and beverage industry Benvenuto (2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Booms in commodities price: assessing disorder and similarity overeconomic cycles

Fernandes¹,

Araujo²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The reduction in electrical conductivity aer heat treatment is attributed to carbon and aluminum undergoing atmospheric oxidation during the heat treatment process resulting in aluminum oxide defects and carbon dioxide. 61 Aluminum covetic electrical conductivity is proportional to carbon crystallite size and graphitic carbon concentration. Ge et al fabricate aluminum covetics with increasing carbon crystallite size ranging from 0 to 45 nm yielding electrical conductivities ranging from 58 to 62 5 IACS, respectively.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in electrical conductivity after heat treatment is attributed to carbon and aluminum undergoing atmospheric oxidation during the heat treatment process resulting in aluminum oxide defects and carbon dioxide. 61 …”

Section: Properties Of Coveticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal composites and alloys, at the forefront of current and future material usage, consist of a metal and one or more other materials, such as carbon. 2 Modern carbon–metal composites demonstrate improved properties over pure metals, but there are several challenges to overcome. Some material property shortcomings are due to inhomogeneous nanocarbon distribution and incomplete carbon–metal bonding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of covetics – current understanding and future perspectives

2023

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Controlled Alloying of Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanorods Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

González‐Rubio

Díaz‐Núñez

Albrecht

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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are essential components in innumerable materials and structures such as buildings, airplanes, computers, or medical implants. The allure of alloys stems from the improved mechanical properties (e.g., ductility or hardness) and enhanced chemical behavior (e.g., oxidation resistance) that can emerge from the combination of two or more metals. [1] In nanotechnology, the formation of alloy nanocrystals promotes drastic changes in their optical, electrical, and magnetic features and/or their performance as catalysts. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, most of these attributes are susceptible to subtle variations in the size, shape, and composition of the nanoparticles, thereby compromising their practical application. Thus, achieving control over the alloying process and nanocrystal growth would provide a great potential in this direction. Among the wide variety of available synthetic methods, colloid chemistry is highly versatile in terms of nanoparticle shape and composition, in particular for noble metals such as platinum, silver, palladium, or gold. [9][10][11][12][13] For example, different kinds of mesoporous alloy nanoparticles have been synthesized using this method. [14][15][16] The synthesis of colloidal alloy nanocrystals is typically accomplished via co-reduction or thermal decomposition of suitable metal precursors. [9][10][11][12][13][17][18][19][20][21] Other strategies based Bimetallic nanoparticles display unique physical and chemical properties, including improved chemical stability, enhanced optical properties, or higher catalytic activity. Here, a synthetic methodology is described to obtain bimetallic heterostructures and alloyed plasmonic nanocrystals through the irradiation of colloidal Au@Ag core-shell nanorods (Au@Ag NRs) with femtosecond laser pulses. Depending on the energy deposited on the Au@Ag NRs, different morphologies and degrees of alloying are obtained, such as hot-dog-like and rice-like (partially alloyed) NRs, as well as fully alloyed nanospheres. By using advanced electron microscopy techniques and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) tomography, both the morphology and the elemental distribution of the irradiated nanoparticles can be disclosed, and correlated to detailed investigations of their optical properties using electromagnetic simulations. The wide variety of bimetallic species provided by the proposed approach is a clear indication of the potential of combining synthetic colloidal methods with fs-pulsed laser irradiation for the fabrication of unique multielemental nanoparticles. The resulting control over size and composition raises promising prospects for catalytic, plasmonic, and magnetic applications of multimetallic nanocrystals.

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Metals and Alloys

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Booms in commodities price: assessing disorder and similarity overeconomic cycles

Booms in commodities price: assessing disorder and similarity overeconomic cycles

A review of covetics – current understanding and future perspectives

Controlled Alloying of Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanorods Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

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