Metals in ash materials filtered from municipal incinerator effluents

Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Bottom Ash as a Paving Material

“…The VMA and VFA Guidelines (36) The VMA o f the control mix at 300 revolutions does not meet 14% minimum requirement, with the exception that the VMA at 4% asphalt does.The VMA of the ash mix at 300 revolutions does not meet the specification at any asphalt content, being 4.3 to 6% lower than the 14% minimum specification. The ash mix is more sensitive to compaction methods than the control mix in that the difference in VMA between GTM and Marshall methods for the ash mix is more significant than that for the control mix.…”