Metastable pitting corrosion behavior and characteristics of passive film of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti–6Al–4V in NaCl solutions with different concentrations

Cui, Yu-Wei; Chen, Liang‐Yu; Chu, Yu-Hang; Zhang, Lina; Li, Ruifeng; Lu, Sheng; Wang, Liqiang; Zhang, Lai-Chang

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111017

Cited by 103 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Finally, they reached the equilibrium. The generated Ti 2 O 3 and TiO combined together and formed a special complex (Figure g), which made the anode more stable. − The Ti x O y complex cannot be formed on the anode in the CEM and M-less electrolyzers. It can only be formed under the alkaline condition in the BPM electrolyzer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Bipolar Membrane Electrolyzer for NaCl Electrolysis to Produce High-Quality NaClO

Wu,

Shen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an important chlorine-based disinfectant that has been widely used for disinfection in public places and domestic environments. In the present work, we have designed a novel electrolyzer for NaCl electrolysis to produce high-quality NaClO. The cell was separated into two chambers by a bipolar membrane. Thus, NaCl electrooxidation can be conducted in a basic anolyte, and H2O electroreduction can be conducted in an acidic catholyte. Consequently, higher efficiency can be achieved than that of conventional methods. After 3 h of electrolysis, the available chlorine reached 531.8 mg/L with no deformation of the bipolar membrane. This electrolyzer provides a new avenue to produce high-quality NaClO from NaCl electrolysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Bipolar Membrane Electrolyzer for NaCl Electrolysis to Produce High-Quality NaClO

Wu,

Shen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Other methods to modify Ti alloys produced by AM have been suggested, including tailoring of the bulk Ti alloy composition (e.g., a TiNbTaZrMo high-entropy alloy 24 and the generation of passive films on AM TiAl6V4 alloys by exposure to NaCl solutions. 25 However, the biological effects of these modifications were not examined. Several other coating-based surface modification methods for AM Ti alloys have also been suggested, including heparin enriched-WPI coating, 48 detonation spraying of hydroxyapatite 49 and phenolic-enriched collagen fibrillar coatings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other methods to modify Ti alloys produced by AM have been suggested, including tailoring of the bulk Ti alloy composition (e.g., a TiNbTaZrMo high‐entropy alloy 24 and the generation of passive films on AM TiAl6V4 alloys by exposure to NaCl solutions 25 . However, the biological effects of these modifications were not examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Recently, other methods to modify Ti-alloy implants produced by AM have been reported, although the effects of these modifications on osseointegration were not evaluated. [23][24][25] We have developed a nonline-of-sight calciothermic reaction (CaR)-based process to generate a well-controlled micro-to-nanoscale surface topography on dense TiAl6V4 disks and implants. 23 This process involves: (i) the generation of a thin conformal oxide (rutile TiO 2 -based) layer on the alloy surface by low-temperature thermal oxidation in air; (ii) reduction of the oxide with heated calcium vapor to create an external CaO layer on a porous Ti layer; and (iii) selective CaO dissolution to yield a thin surface layer of porous Ti bonded to the underlying dense TiAl6V4 alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the characteristics of surfaces generated within the innermost regions of a macroporous implant by such solution‐based methods can differ from the characteristics of exterior surfaces produced by grit blasting 22 . Recently, other methods to modify Ti‐alloy implants produced by AM have been reported, although the effects of these modifications on osseointegration were not evaluated 23–25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal surface modification of additively manufactured macroporous TiAl6V4 biomimetic implants via a calciothermic reaction‐based process and osteogenic in vivo responses

Berger,

Cohen,

Deng

et al. 2023

J Biomed Mater Res

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Three‐dimensional macroporous titanium–aluminum–vanadium (TiAl6V4) implants produced by additive manufacturing (AM) can be grit blasted (GB) to yield microtextured exterior surfaces, with additional micro/nano‐scale surface features provided by subsequent acid etching (AE). However, the line‐of‐sight nature of GB causes the topography of exterior GB + AE‐modified surfaces to differ from internal GB‐inaccessible surfaces. Previous in vitro studies using dense TiAl6V4 substrates indicated that a nonline‐of‐sight, calciothermic‐reaction (CaR)‐based process provided homogeneous osteogenic nanotextures on GB + AE surfaces, suggesting it could be used to achieve a homogeneous nanotopography on external and internal surfaces of macroporous AM constructs. Macroporous TiAl6V4 (3D) constructs were produced by direct laser melting and modified by GB + AE, with the CaR process then applied to 50% of constructs (3DCaR). The CaR process yielded nanoporous/nanorough internal surfaces throughout the macroporous constructs. Skeletally mature, male Sprague–Dawley rats were implanted with these constructs using a cranial on‐lay model. Prior to implantation, a Cu++‐free click hydrogel was applied to half of the constructs (3D + H, 3DCaR + H) to act as a challenge to osseointegration. Osseointegration was compared between the four implant groups (3D, 3DCaR, 3D + H, 3DCaR + H) at 4w. 3D + H implants exhibited lower bone volume (BV) and percent bone ingrowth (%BI) than the 3D implants. In contrast, osseointegrated 3DCaR + H implants had similar BV and %BI as the 3DCaR implants. Implant pull‐off forces correlated with these results. In vitro analyses indicated that human bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) exhibited enhanced production of osteoblast differentiation markers and factors associated with osteogenesis when grown on CaR‐modified 3D substrates relative to control (TCPS) substrates. This work confirms that the CaR process provides osteogenic nanotextures on internal surfaces of macroporous 3D implants, and suggests that CaR‐modified surfaces can promote osseointegration in cases where osteogenesis is impaired.

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Improved Corrosion and Long‐Term Immersion Behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Produced Ti5Cu After Heat Treatment

et al. 2023

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This work investigates the corrosion behavior and mechanism of laser powder bed fusion produced (LPBFed) Ti5Cu and its heat‐treated counterparts in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results indicate that heat treatment can enhance the corrosion resistance of LPBFed Ti5Cu by generating Ti2Cu phase, and heat treatment at higher temperature enhances corrosion resistance by forming a stable oxide film with a lower electron diffusion rate. The existence of Ti2Cu phase in the heat‐treated sample acts as the microanode that decelerates the corrosion on α‐Ti phase (prior dissolution of Ti2Cu phase). The long‐term immersion test results also confirm that the Ti2Cu phase present in HT900 (at higher heat‐treatment temperature) provides a better protective effect against corrosion compared to the one in HT740 and as‐LPBFed samples. Compared with the heat‐treated counterparts, the worst corrosion resistance of the as‐LPBFed Ti5Cu is attributed to that the acidic environment (e.g., Cl−) increases the electron diffusion rate in the film/solution interface, which makes the thermodynamically unstable α'‐Ti phase be preferentially corroded.

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Metastable pitting corrosion behavior and characteristics of passive film of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti–6Al–4V in NaCl solutions with different concentrations

Cited by 103 publications

References 62 publications

Designing a Bipolar Membrane Electrolyzer for NaCl Electrolysis to Produce High-Quality NaClO

Designing a Bipolar Membrane Electrolyzer for NaCl Electrolysis to Produce High-Quality NaClO

Internal surface modification of additively manufactured macroporous TiAl6V4 biomimetic implants via a calciothermic reaction‐based process and osteogenic in vivo responses

Improved Corrosion and Long‐Term Immersion Behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Produced Ti5Cu After Heat Treatment

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