Metaverse Learning: The Relationship among Quality of VR-Based Education, Self-Determination, and Learner Satisfaction

Factors affecting metaverse adoption in education: A systematic review, adoption framework, and future research agenda

“…This section describes the characteristics of the studies included in the final systematic review. The review included nine studies investigating the adoption of Metaverse, virtual reality, and augmented reality in education [ 19 , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] ]. These studies were conducted between 2021 and 2022, and participants primarily consisted of students and learners from various countries.…”

“…This includes aspects like ease of installation, implementation, maintenance, and operation. Studies have shown that ease of use is critical in predicting technology acceptance and intention to use technologies like the Metaverse in different educational contexts [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. One of the studies indicated a notable relationship between perceived usefulness and PEOU in adopting the Metaverse for learning purposes [ 36 ].…”

“…The selected studies in this review have used the terms perceived usefulness and performance expectancy interchangeably to refer to the same construct. It is imperative to mention that this construct was examined by almost all the selected studies [ 19 , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ]. For example, Akour et al [ 37 ] conducted a study to examine students' attitudes toward utilizing the Metaverse for educational applications in the Gulf region.…”

“…Perceived autonomy is defined as an individual's perception of having the ability to make choices and exert control over their actions and behaviors [ 85 ]. Gim et al [ 33 ] developed a research model that combines several theories to explore variables affecting learner satisfaction in VR education, highlighting the importance of self-directed learning and flow in achieving optimal educational practices in the Metaverse. Upon examining the obtained results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis proposing a positive correlation between perceived autonomy and perceived ease of use is unsupported.…”

“…Similarly, Yang et al [ 32 ] investigated the intent of college students to utilize the Metaverse for basketball learning, grounding their study in the UTAUT2 model. Gim et al [ 33 ] examined the interconnectedness between the quality of VR-based education, self-determination, and learner satisfaction, incorporating the SDT, IS success model, and TAM into their analysis. Teng et al [ 19 ] undertook an empirical study to scrutinize the factors influencing learners' adoption of an educational Metaverse platform, extending the UTAUT model in their research.…”