Methamphetamine detection in maternal and neonatal hair: implications for fetal safety

García-Bournissen, Facundo; Rokach, Ben; Karaskov, Tatyana; Koren, Gideon

doi:10.1136/adc.2006.100156

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Garcia-Bournissen et al reported that one neonate in 11 subjects (= ca. 9%) was negative for MP in a hair sample, even though the mother was positive [5]. In a previous report that compared the sensitivity and specificity of a maternal interview, maternal hair analysis, and meconium analysis in detecting perinatal exposure to cocaine, opiates, and cannabinoids [10], meconium analysis was found to be a highly sensitivity method for detecting cocaine and opiate, and gave no false-positive results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Fetal hair begins to form around the 20th week of gestation [5]. It has the ability to retain drugs present in the fetal circulation, in common with adult hair.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of hair analysis in human and animal experiments to distinguish drug exposure has been reported [3,4]. MP and/or cocaine detection in maternal and neonatal hair samples aimed at identifying the abuse of these drugs during pregnancy has been demonstrated [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Determination of methamphetamine in neonatal hair and meconium samples: estimation of fetal drug abuse during pregnancy

et al. 2012

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Determination of methamphetamine (MP) and its metabolite amphetamine (AP) in hair and meconium samples from a neonate was performed to estimate the fetal abuse of MP during pregnancy. Five hundred micrograms of the neonate's hair spiked with 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (internal standard) were used for the determination. After digestion with 1 M NaOH for 20 min, the resultant was extracted with heptane and the organic layer was evaporated and labeled with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. The MP in 10 mg of the neonate's meconium was determined using the standard addition method. The determination of MP and AP in the hair was performed by a semi-micro-HPLC-peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence method. The hair sample (total length = ca. 3 cm) was divided into two fragments (the root and the tip). The concentrations of MP in the fragments were 1.68 ± 0.18 ng/mg (root) and 1.29 ± 0.03 ng/mg (tip). AP was not found in either of the fragments. The concentrations of MP and AP in meconium, based on measurements performed in triplicate, were 0.27 ± 0.04 ng/mg and 0.16 ± 0.03 ng/mg, respectively. As a result, fetal abuse of MP during the pregnancy was confirmed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Fetal hair begins to form around the 20th week of gestation [5]. It has the ability to retain drugs present in the fetal circulation, in common with adult hair.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of methamphetamine in neonatal hair and meconium samples: estimation of fetal drug abuse during pregnancy

et al. 2012

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“…41 Meconium is an alternative, noninvasive matrix that can be tested for drug exposure during pregnancy. 11 Drugs in fetal circulation are partially metabolized in the fetal liver and excreted into bile and urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Detection in Maternal and Neonatal Hair: Implications to Fetal Toxicology

García-Bournissen

Rokach

Karaskov

et al. 2007

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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Cocaine use during pregnancy is difficult to ascertain, and maternal reports are likely to be inaccurate. Presently, the dose-response characteristics between maternal cocaine use and fetal exposure and adverse effects are unknown. Clinically, some babies are harmed, whereas others are not adversely affected. Taking advantage of the fact that cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) accumulate and can be detected months after exposure in maternal and neonatal hair, an analytical test for cocaine and BE was developed by the authors. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of maternal and neonatal hair cocaine as biomarkers of fetal exposure. Of nearly 10,000 cases, all mother-child pairs in whom at least one had cocaine and/or BE detected in hair were identified. The relationship between maternal and neonatal levels was studied. When available, these data were also compared with meconium levels of cocaine. Median cocaine concentration was 10-fold higher in hair of the mothers compared with the neonates (3.56 ng/mg vs 0.31 ng/mg of hair). Infants' cocaine in hair was positively correlated with maternal cocaine and BE in hair (r2 = 0.41 and r2 = 0.22, respectively, P < 0.001 for both correlations). Infants' BE was also correlated with maternal cocaine and BE concentrations in hair (r2 = 0.50 and r2 = 0.27, P < 0.001 for both correlations). Thirty-nine (40%) babies had negative cocaine and BE results despite their mothers being positive. Mothers whose infants were cocaine-positive had a median hair cocaine concentration of 7.34 ng/mg, significantly higher than those whose infants were negative (1.25 ng/mg). Maternal cocaine levels below 0.24 ng/mg may serve as a relative threshold for detectable fetal exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy. Fetal hair grows in the last trimester. Hence, a positive neonatal hair indicates maternal use after pregnancy became known, a strong indicator of maternal addiction. Transplacental exposure to cocaine of babies of addicted mothers is highly variable. The dose-response relationship of both cocaine and BE between maternal and neonatal hair suggests that the placenta protects some fetuses but not others. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms leading to placental defense against cocaine.

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“…Nenhuma das pacientes havia relatado o uso de drogas durante a entrevista. 17 Em estudo de Lester et al, no grupo de neonatos com mecônio positivo para cocaína e opioides, 38% das mães haviam negado o uso de drogas. 8 A análise de mecônio tem sido o método mais utilizado e suas principais vantagens são a facilidade de obtenção da amostra e a boa aceitação pelos pais.…”

Section: Metodologiaunclassified

Consequências à criança do uso de drogas durante a gestação: um artigo de revisão

Paula

2018

Rev. Med. UFC

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RESUMOO crescimento do uso de drogas ilícitas entre as mulheres em idade fértil é preocupante. O uso de drogas durante a gestação é causa de morbidades que podem se apresentar no feto, no neonato ou em qualquer etapa do desenvolvimento infantil. Esta revisão reuniu informações sobre prevalência, métodos de rastreio e consequências clínicas da exposição fetal à cocaína, metanfetamina, maconha e opioides. As taxas de exposição podem variar de 2 a 40% entre os estudos. Nos métodos de rastreio, a análise de cabelo materno se mostrou a mais sensível, a análise de mecônio é de mais fácil execução e os questionários aplicados às mães têm baixa sensibilidade. Várias consequências para a gestação e para a criança são relacionadas à exposição a drogas. Entre elas encontramos maior incidência de perdas gestacionais, prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, Apgar < 7 no quinto minuto, internações em UTI prejuízos no desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e de linguagem são os acometimentos mais encontrados na infância. Concluímos serem necessárias políticas de prevenção, id Palavras-chave: Drogas ilícitas. Gestação. Criança. Recém-nascido. ABSTRACTThe growth of illicit drugs use by childbearing age women is worrying. The use of drugs during pregnancy causes morbidities that may occur in the developing fetus, the neonate, or in any stage of child development. This review gathered information on prevalence, screening methods, and clinical consequences of fetal exposure to cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, and opioids. Exposure rates can range from 2 to 40% on the studies. In the screening methods, maternal hair analysis was the most sensible test, meconium analysis is the easiest to perform and the questionnaires applied to mothers have low sensibility. Several consequences to the gestation and to the child are associated to drug exposure. Among them, we found a higher incidence of miscarriages, prematurity, low birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score < 7, intensive care unit admissions and neonatal death. Neonatal abstinence monitoring them throughout childhood are necessary.

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Methamphetamine detection in maternal and neonatal hair: implications for fetal safety

Cited by 61 publications

References 41 publications

Determination of methamphetamine in neonatal hair and meconium samples: estimation of fetal drug abuse during pregnancy

Determination of methamphetamine in neonatal hair and meconium samples: estimation of fetal drug abuse during pregnancy

Cocaine Detection in Maternal and Neonatal Hair: Implications to Fetal Toxicology

Consequências à criança do uso de drogas durante a gestação: um artigo de revisão

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