Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional rice cropping systems in Southeast China

Qin, Yan; Liu, Shuwei; Guo, Yanqin; Liu, Qiaohui

doi:10.1007/s00374-010-0493-5

Cited by 175 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…kg −1 grain in this study, were slightly higher than previous estimates of 0.24-0.74 kg CO 2 eq. kg −1 grain from rice paddies with midseason drainage and organic manure incorporation (Qin et al, 2010;Li et al, 2006), but were lower than the DNDC model estimates for continuous waterlogged paddies (3.22 kg CO 2 eq. kg −1 grain) (Li et al, 2006).…”

Section: Gwp and Ghgi As Affected By Issm Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Our understanding of how global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) is affected by management practices aimed at food security with respect to rice agriculture remains limited. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted in China to evaluate the effects of integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM) on GWP and GHGI after accounting for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalent emissions from all sources, including methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, agrochemical inputs and farm operations and sinks (i.e., soil organic carbon sequestration). The ISSM mainly consisted of different nitrogen (N) fertilization rates and split, manure, Zn and Na 2 SiO 3 fertilization and planting density for the improvement of rice yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Four ISSM scenarios consisting of different chemical N rates relative to the local farmers' practice (FP) rate were carried out, namely, ISSM-N1 (25 % reduction), ISSM-N2 (10 % reduction), ISSM-N3 (FP rate) and ISSM-N4 (25 % increase). The results showed that compared with the FP, the four ISSM scenarios significantly increased the rice yields by 10, 16, 28 and 41 % and the agronomic NUE by 75, 67, 35 and 40 %, respectively. In addition, compared with the FP, the ISSM-N1 and ISSM-N2 scenarios significantly reduced the GHGI by 14 and 18 %, respectively, despite similar GWPs. The ISSM-N3 and ISSM-N4 scenarios remarkably increased the GWP and GHGI by an average of 69 and 39 %, respectively. In conclusion, the ISSM strategies are promising for both food security and environmental protection, and the ISSM scenario of ISSM-N2 is the optimal strategy to realize high yields and high NUE together with low environmental impacts for this agricultural rice field.

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Section: Gwp and Ghgi As Affected By Issm Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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“…Because organic fertilizer includes not only C as an electron donor but also N for electron capture, both C and N application will induce N reduction in the denitrification process (Thomson et al 2012;ButterbachBahl et al 2013). Qin et al (2010) reported that N 2 O flux increased just after mid-term drainage in organically cultivated rice paddy fields. There may have been localized areas in the soil that had aerobic conditions.…”

Section: Effect Of Fertilizer Type On Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited information exists regarding annual patterns of N 2 O consumption under field conditions. However, Qin et al (2010) documented N 2 O consumption in rice paddy fields during the growing season where organic fertilizer was applied. In our study, another objective was to determine the impact of organic fertilizer application on annual N 2 O emissions from rice paddy fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the number of tillages in fallow season and fertilizer type on greenhouse gas emission from a rice (Oryza sativaL.) paddy field in Ehime, southwestern Japan

Toma

Oomori

Asuka

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Effect of the number of tillages in fallow season and fertilizer type on greenhouse gas emission from a rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field in Ehime, southwestern Japan Agricultural fields, including rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy fields, constitute one of the major sources of atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Organic matter application, such as straw and organic fertilizer, enhances CH 4 emission from paddy fields. In addition, rice straw management after harvest regulates CH 4 emissions in the growing season. The interaction of tillage times and organic fertilizer application on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of fallow-season tillage times and fertilizer types on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions in paddy fields in Ehime, southwestern Japan. From November 2011 to October 2013, four treatments, two (autumn and spring) or one (spring) in the first year, or two (autumn and spring) or three (autumn, winter, and spring) in the second year times of tillage with chemical or organic fertilizer application, were established. Gas fluxes were measured by the closed-chamber method. Increasing the number of tillage times from one to two decreased succeeding CH 4 emission and the emission factor for CH 4 (EF CH4 ) in the rice-growing season, suggesting that the substrate for CH 4 production was reduced by autumn and spring tillage in the fallow season. Higher EF CH4 [1.8-2.0 kg carbon (C) ha] was observed when more straw was applied (6.9-7.2 Mg ha −1 ) in the second year. Organic fertilizer application induced higher CH 4 emission just after the application as basal and supplemental fertilizers, especially at a lower straw application rate. This indicated that EF CH4 in the organically managed fields should be determined individually. Organic fertilizer application with two tillage times induced N 2 O efflux during the rice-growing season in the second year, but N 2 O emissions were not affected by winter tillage. Although paddy fields can act as an N 2 O sink because of reduced soil conditions when straw application was high, application of organic C and nitrogen as fertilizer can enhance N 2 O production by the denitrification process during the growing season, especially in the ripening stage when soil anaerobic conditions became moderate. These results suggest that negative emission factors for N 2 O (EF N2O ) can be applied, and EF N2O of organic fertilizer should be considered during the estimation of N 2 O emission in the paddy field.ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Under anaerobic conditions, the supply of substrate for the soil methanogenic community is the commonest limiting factor for methane production. Organic matter substrate originates from both direct by-products of rice production (such as sloughed-off root cells and root exudates) and from added materials including manure (Qin et al 2010). …”

Section: Displacement Of Ghg Intensive Fertilisers With Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

The sustainability of changes in agricultural technology: The carbon, economic and labour implications of mechanisation and synthetic fertiliser use

Gathorne‐Hardy

2016

Ambio

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New agricultural technologies bring multiple impacts which are hard to predict. Two changes taking place in Indian agriculture are a transition from bullocks to tractors and an associated replacement of manure with synthetic fertilisers. This paper uses primary data to model social, environmental and economic impacts of these transitions in South India. It compares ploughing by bullocks or tractors and the provision of nitrogen from manure or synthetic urea for irrigated rice from the greenhouse gas (GHG), economic and labour perspective. Tractors plough nine times faster than bullocks, use substantially less labour, with no significant difference in GHG emissions. Tractors are twice as costly as bullocks yet remain more popular to hire. The GHG emissions from manure-N paddy are 30 % higher than for urea-N, largely due to the organic matter in manure driving methane emissions. Labour use is significantly higher for manure, and the gender balance is more equal. Manure is substantially more expensive as a source of nutrients compared to synthetic nutrients, yet remains popular when available. This paper demonstrates the need to take a broad approach to analysing the sustainability impacts of new technologies, as trade-offs between different metrics are common.

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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional rice cropping systems in Southeast China

Cited by 175 publications

References 43 publications

Global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency

Global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency

Effect of the number of tillages in fallow season and fertilizer type on greenhouse gas emission from a rice (Oryza sativaL.) paddy field in Ehime, southwestern Japan

The sustainability of changes in agricultural technology: The carbon, economic and labour implications of mechanisation and synthetic fertiliser use

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