Methane yield and species diversity dynamics of perennial wild plant mixtures established alone, under cover crop maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), and after spring barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.)

Cossel, Moritz von; Steberl, Kathrin; Hartung, Jens; Pereira, L. A. G.; Kiesel, Andreas; Lewandowski, Iris

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12640

Cited by 31 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, methods of sowing cup plant under maize were developed . The intercropping of cup plant and maize during the first year of the cup plant establishment also promises to improve environmental performance of maize cultivation through decreased erosion and nutrient leaching …”

Section: Prospective Future Changes At Ephmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most crucial property of the cup plant as a biogas plant substrate is its specific methane yield (SMY) . Studies have shown that cup plant has a SMY of 0.232–0.275 m N 3 kg −1 volatile solids −1 , which is lower than maize . It should be noted that pretreating similar substrates can increase their biogas yield and will also positively impact processing in the fermenter .…”

Section: Prospective Future Changes At Ephmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse substrate options for the fermenters are under discussion because of the capping of maize inputs at 47% (mass based) with a future cap of 44% from 2021 onward. 34 A promising alternative to maize as energy crop is cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), which not only has similar properties in terms of biogas generation [68][69][70] but stands out due to its ecological benefits such as soil protection and the provision of food for pollinators. 71,72 Cup plant is compatible with the recent European law on advanced biofuels, 5 and it was added to greening measures in 2018.…”

Section: The Biogas Plant As a Hub In The Sustainable Bioeconomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…68,131 The intercropping of cup plant and maize during the first year of the cup plant establishment also promises to improve environmental performance of maize cultivation through decreased erosion and nutrient leaching. 69,85,[135][136][137] Influence of the harvest time and ensilaging on properties of the cup plant At the end of the flowering period, which is September in Germany, the cup plant is chopped by a forage harvester with DIRECT DISC system© and transported to the storage location to be ensilaged. 126 Thus, it is harvested the same way and with the same equipment that is used for the maize harvest.…”

Section: Comparison Of Cup Plant and Maize Cultivation Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A promising alternative to maize as energy crop is cup plant ( Silphium perfoliatum L.), which not only has similar properties in terms of biogas generation but stands out due to its ecological benefits such as soil protection and the provision of food for pollinators . Cup plant is compatible with the recent European law on advanced biofuels, and it was added to greening measures in 2018 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Cossel

Amarysti

Wilhelm

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Excessive cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) as a biogas substrate has fired debate about potential land‐use change effects of bioenergy cropping systems. Cup plant ( Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a perennial biogas crop that provides more environmental services than maize. This study investigated (i) how to replace maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate in a large‐scale biogas plant located in southwest Germany, and (ii) how to optimize the energy and material cycles of such a biogas plant given the new feedstock. The biogas plant produces 1000 m3 biogas per hour with plans for it to be combined with a large dairy farm (1000 dairy units). It was found that the substitution of maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate results in a methane yield reduction of 10% to 20% due to lower biomass yields. However, there exists a strong potential to increase both biomass yields and biogas substrate quality of cup plant by optimizing establishment procedures and better genotypes. Furthermore, cup plant provides food and shelter for open land animals, including birds and insects, and could hence be a suitable alternative to maize for large biogas plants, being more environmentally beneficial. Extracting proteins from cup‐plant biomass could also help replace soy with locally produced protein for feeding cattle. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising tool for closing nutrient cycles and for extracting phosphate from digestate, but more research is needed before it can be put into practice. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Prospective Future Changes At Ephmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospective Future Changes At Ephmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Biogas Plant As a Hub In The Sustainable Bioeconomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Cup Plant and Maize Cultivation Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Cossel

Amarysti

Wilhelm

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Renewable Energy from Wildflowers—Perennial Wild Plant Mixtures as a Social‐Ecologically Sustainable Biomass Supply System

Cossel

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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A growing bioeconomy requires increasing amounts of biomass from residues, wastes, and industrial crops for bio‐based products and bioenergy. There is much discussion about how industrial crop cultivation could promote social–ecological outcomes such as environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, food security, greenhouse gas mitigation, and landscape appearance. In Germany, maize (Zea mays L.) is the main biogas substrate source, despite being associated with problems such as erosion, biodiversity losses, an increase in wild boar populations and lowered landscape diversity. The cultivation of perennial wild plant mixtures (WPM) addresses many of these problems. Despite being less developed than maize, WPM cultivation has received notable attention among scientists in Germany over the past decade. This is mainly because WPMs clearly outperform maize in social–ecological measures, despite their methane yield performance. This review summarizes and discusses the results of 12 years of research and practice with WPMs as a social‐ecologically more benign bioenergy cropping system.

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Renewable Energy from Wildflowers—Perennial Wild Plant Mixtures as a Social‐Ecologically Sustainable Biomass Supply System

Cossel¹

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Against this backdrop, industrial crop cultivation, is far more promising. [20] There exists a wide range of industrial crops, many of which with well documented and researched cultivation techniques and utilization pathways (Table 1). [19,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Second, the potential cultivation area for industrial crops reaches from the tropics to the northern Atlantic and continental zones. [19,[30][31][32][33][34] Furthermore, industrial crop cultivation can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through bio sequestration [35] and through bioenergy to carbon capture and storage (BECCS) strategies. [1] This is because the below-ground fraction of the crop (the root system) remains in the soil and contributes to humus accumulation. [1,24,[36][37][38][39] In the long-term, humus accumulation even promises to rehabilitate degraded land and make it suitable for food crop cultivation again. [38,[40][41][42][43] For both algae cultivation and the use of residues from agriculture and wood industry, neither BECCS nor the recovery of degraded land is practicable. Consequently, biomass supply from industrial crops seems a more reasonable solution from a broader perspective-but how can industrial crop cultivation be expanded without compromising environmental and social needs?From an ethical perspective, industrial crop cultivation should generally not compete with other land uses such as food crop cultivation and natural successions, so that neither food security nor biodiversity conservation are threatened. [147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] Both food security and biodiversity conservation are high on the agenda of the United Nations' sustainability development goals. [155,156] These can be realized through both land saving and land sharing approaches. [151,152] The utilization of favorable agricultural land for industrial crop cultivation should be restricted to social-ecologically sustainable land sharing concepts, e.g., wide crop rotations including both food crops and industrial crops. [23,[157][158][159][160][161][162] The land saving concept, i.e., cultivating industrial crops on unfavorable agricultural land-so-called "marginal agricultural land" [163] -thus saving the favorable agricultural land for food crop cultivation, is limited by biophysical constraints such as adverse rooting conditions and climatic conditions or economic challenges such as inconvenient field shapes and long field-farm distances. [19,25,88,89,[164][165][166][167] Additionally, the intensive (industrial) cultivation of common cash crops such as sugar cane, oil palm, rape seed, and maize often requires high off-farm inputs such as nitrogen (N) fertilizer herbicides, or insecticides. [1,153,[168][169][170] Intense usage of these A growing bioeconomy requires increasing amounts of biomass from residues, wastes, and industrial crops for bio-based products and bioenergy. There is much discussion about how industrial crop cultivation could promote socialecological outcomes such as environmental protection, biodiversity conservat...

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Methane yield and species diversity dynamics of perennial wild plant mixtures established alone, under cover crop maize (Zea mays L.), and after spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Cited by 31 publications

References 47 publications

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Renewable Energy from Wildflowers—Perennial Wild Plant Mixtures as a Social‐Ecologically Sustainable Biomass Supply System

Renewable Energy from Wildflowers—Perennial Wild Plant Mixtures as a Social‐Ecologically Sustainable Biomass Supply System

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