Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management

Mulligan, Maury E.; Murray-Leisure, Katherine A.; Ribner, Bruce S.; Standiford, Harold C.; John, Joseph F.; Korvick, Joyce A.; Kauffman, Carol A.; Yu, Victor L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(93)90063-u

Cited by 611 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…The gamma radiation caused chemical modifications in compounds, enhancing its action against the S. aureus and also the phenolic contents. These data suggest that leaf extracts of A. occidentale can be used as substitute of the bark extract (Tables 4 and 5), usually used as therapeutically sources (Mulligan et al, 1993, Blatt & Piazza, 2004.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of gamma radiation on the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, rich in tannins

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae, known as cashew, commonly found in northeastern of Brazil, has high levels of secondary metabolites, particularly tannins, used as raw material for herbal medicines. An effi cient alternative to decontaminate plant products is the total sterilization or reduction of the initial microbial count, the process of gamma irradiation with 60 Co. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of bark and leaves of A. occidentale, based on the quantifi cation of total phenols and tannins, before and after exposure to gamma radiation from 60 Co. The extracts were obtained in the laboratory by cold maceration in ethanol, fi ltered and dryness. They were divided into non-irradiated control group (0 kGy) and irradiated: groups exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy. The total phenols was obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and tannins, by the precipitation of casein. The antimicrobial potential activities of these extracts were also evaluated. The results showed that gamma radiation doses employed in this study did not infl uence statistically the percentage of total phenols and tannins in the bark extracts, at levels ranging from 5.73±0.14 and 5.20±0.14, respectively. The levels of metabolites in the leaves were statistically (p<0.05) infl uenced by radiation, observed average total phenols between 3.13±0.04 (0 kGy) and 3.50±0.08 (10 kGy), and tannin between 2.47±0.06 (0 kGy) and 2.93±0.04 (10 kGy). The extracts of bark and leaves were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans. Gamma radiation caused an increase in antimicrobial activity of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), with average inhibition zones for shells: 14.33±058 (0 kGy) and 22.33±0.58 (10 kGy), and leaves: 11.33±0.58 (0 kGy) and 19.00±1.00 (10 kGy). Exposure to radiation caused changes in physical and chemical constituents of phenolic extracts of leaves of cashew, increasing levels of tannins.

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Section: Antimicrobial Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of gamma radiation on the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, rich in tannins

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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“…Before transmission of a patient between hospitals, the hospital of destination should be prewarned and measures taken to prevent further spread (for details see [21]). Although eradication of the carrier state in affected patients has been shown to be effective in cases of nasal colonization [22], eradication from other sites (e.g. wounds) is more difficult.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal dissemination of two MRSA strains in Germany

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYClonal dissemination of two different MRSA strains, both clumping factor negative, has been observed in Germany for more than a year. Both strains possess the mec-A determinant and each exhibits a characteristic genomic DNA fragment pattern. One strain has spread in the north, the other in the south-west of Germany.Intensive care units are mainly affected by MRSA-infections and probably play a special role in further intra-and inter-hospital spread.

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“…Sinnvoller ist die aktive Erfassung postoperativer Wundinfektionen und die konsequente Reaktion auf auffällige Infektionsereignisse [184,193]. Im Übrigen ist zu beachten, dass sowohl S.-aureus-als auch A-Streptokokken-Besiedlungen transient oder persistent auftreten können [189,194,195] [198] und Unterschreiten eines definierten Endotoxingehaltes [197,199] erfüllen.…”

Section: Chirurgische Händedesinfek-tionunclassified

Prävention postoperativer Infektionen im Operationsgebiet

2007

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

122

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management

Cited by 611 publications

References 147 publications

Influence of gamma radiation on the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, rich in tannins

Influence of gamma radiation on the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, rich in tannins

Clonal dissemination of two MRSA strains in Germany

Prävention postoperativer Infektionen im Operationsgebiet

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