Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV patients of Arba Minch province, Ethiopia: Carriage rates, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients of Ethiopia. This study aimed at delineating the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming potentials of nasally colonized MRSA among HIV patients in the Arba Minch province of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was performed in HIV patients who visit anti-retroviral therapy clinic of the Arba Minch Hospital between February and April 2017. Nasal samples were collected and inspected for Staphylococcus following standard procedures. MRSA was identified using cefoxitin disk and antibiotics sensitivity test was performed as per Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. The formation of biofilm was inspected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 307 HIV patients were examined. The overall prevalence of S. aureus was found to be 39.7%. The prevalence of MRSA was 20.8%. The rate of nasal colonization of MRSA was relatively higher among females. In bivariate analysis, MRSA colonization was statistically significant in patients with CD 4 count ≤350 (p value = 0.002) and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (p value = 0.003). Concomitant resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and co-trimoxazole were 48.4%, 45.3%, and 39.0%, respectively. Invariably, all MRSA isolates were 100% sensitive to vancomycin. Of the 64 MRSA isolates, 18.7% were considered as multidrug-resistant. The rate of biofilm formation was 34.3%. The results revealed a high prevalence rate in the nasal colonization of MRSA in HIV patients.

In vitro antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: efficacy of Moringa stenopetala and Rosmarinus officinalis extracts

“…Seven strains of MRSA, isolated from HIV infected patients were used (Manilal et al, 2019). These MRSA isolates were established as strong biofilm producers and deposited in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch (Manilal et al, 2019).…”

“…Seven strains of MRSA, isolated from HIV infected patients were used (Manilal et al, 2019). These MRSA isolates were established as strong biofilm producers and deposited in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch (Manilal et al, 2019). The resistance pattern towards cefoxitin and biofilm-forming potentials of these isolates were re-confirmed as per the methodology described elsewhere (Manilal et al, 2019).…”

“…These MRSA isolates were established as strong biofilm producers and deposited in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch (Manilal et al, 2019). The resistance pattern towards cefoxitin and biofilm-forming potentials of these isolates were re-confirmed as per the methodology described elsewhere (Manilal et al, 2019). MRSA strains were maintained on mannitol salt agar (MSA) at 37 C. The purity of MRSA isolates was subsequently checked by the inspection of colony morphology, cell morphology (Gram-stained), and by biochemical tests (catalase and coagulase) following standard procedures.…”

“…The preliminary experiment was performed by qualitatively analyzing the viability of MRSA embedded in the preformed biofilm matrix in culture tubes with M. stenopetala extracts of particular concentrations, with reference to controls. Three strains of strong biofilm forming MRSA were cultured overnight in trypticase soy broth (TSB) supplemented with 1 % glucose and the biofilm formation rate was qualitatively re-confirmed as per Manilal et al (2019). For the assay, fresh overnight poly-culture (100 μl/strain) of three strong biofilm-forming MRSA (1Â10 8 colony forming units) were inoculated into 2 ml culture tubes containing TSB and incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37 C under the static condition to permit the biofilm formation (Manilal et al, 2019).…”

A mikrobiológiai vizsgálatok szerepe a peritonsillaris tályog kezelésében hat év anyagának retrospektív elemzése alapján

“…Ennek hiányában a lokális gyulladások és recidiváló tályogok előfordulásának aránya nagy [15]. Mindezek ismeretében sokan, ha a beteg általános állapota ezt lehetővé teszi, a tályogos mandula primer ("forró") eltávolítását javasolják megfelelő, széles spektrumú antibiotikum alkalmazása mellett [4,22], figyelembe véve a klinikai antibiotikumkutatás legújabb eredményeit [23][24][25][26][27].…”