Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization rate among ruminant animals slaughtered for human consumption and contact persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract

This study determined the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization rate among ruminant animals slaughtered for human consumption and contact persons. Nasal and milk product samples were collected from the main abbatoir in Maiduguri and analyzed using standard bacteriological procedures. A total of 510 samples were analyzed, 87 (17.1%) S. aureus isolates were identified, 33 (34.6%) MRSA and 54 (65.9%) methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were detected. 19 (21.8%) MRSA and 17 (19.5) MSSA strains were recovered from cattle, 10 (12.5%) MRSA isolates were recovered from the Red Bororo cattle breed and 12 (17.1) MSSA from carmelius dromedarius. In overall antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, MRSA isolates exhibited multidrug resistance pattern, moderate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (42.2%), tobramycin (36.4%), amikacin (36.4%), streptomycin (42.2%), while majority of MSSA isolates demonstrated high sensitivity pattern (>70%). Six (6.9%) S. aureus isolates (2 MRSA from cattle and 4 MSSA from sheep) exhibited inducible phenotype.In conclusion, the study findings reveal a relatively high MRSA colonization rate and unique resistance pattern, particularly to topical antimicrobial agents (fusidic acid, mupirocin) that are not routinely used in veterinary medical practice in the study area. The study findings provides a baseline epidemiological information for better understanding of MRSA infections in human and veterinary medicine including foods of animal origin.

Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent

“…Studies focused on the presence, prevalence and/or molecular typing of MSSA and MRSA strains from animals in Africa are rather limited and there is only information about certain countries ( Table 1 , Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Until the moment when this review was performed, S. aureus strains had been reported in sick and healthy animals in 12 countries and MRSA strains had been only identified in seven of them (Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tunisia).…”

“…In general, the MRSA colonization of animals detected in the African continent was very low (from 0% to 3%) [ 20 , 25 , 27 , 34 ], except for one study carried out in Nigeria [ 25 ], in which a colonization rate of 16.8% was observed in cattle samples ( Figure 2 ). In countries on other continents, MRSA prevalence in healthy pets is usually lower than 1%, being between 9% and 20% in animals admitted to veterinary hospitals [ 41 ].…”

“…Salted fish samples were analyzed in Egypt and methicillin resistance was observed in 12 of the 95 S. aureus strains tested (12.6%) [ 82 ]. In five studies [ 25 , 85 , 89 , 94 , 100 ], the prevalence was calculated regarding the total S. aureus strains isolated, and the obtained values were variable. In the study performed in South Africa, the prevalence was 81.2%–93.2% in milk samples from communal farms and 5.7%–7% in those from commercial farms [ 100 ].…”

Species of Coagulase- Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Anterior Nare and Milk of Ruminant Animals and Contacts Persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria

“…The University of Maiduguri, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine institutional review board approved the study and Borno state Veterinary department authorized the specimens collections. As documented in previous published work [9] a total of 510 nasal swabs and milk samples were collected from 12 ruminant animals breed and contact persons, 87(17.1) and 75(14.7%) were identified as S.aureus and CoNS isolated respectively.…”

“…This is of public health concern because it is responsible for the emergence of MRSA, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S.aureus (LAMRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS). In Maiduguri, Mai-siyami et al [9] reported MRSA nasal carriage prevalence of 34.6% among ruminant animals and contact persons. The prevalence may be considered to be relatively high, due to lack of preexisting epidemiological data for comparison and documented predisposing risk factors.…”