Method for optimal design of pipes for low-energy district heating, with focus on heat losses

Rosa, Alessandro Dalla; Li, H.; Svendsen, Svend

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.01.024

Cited by 169 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…and heat transmission losses of approximately 10% [30,31]. However, within the economic calculations, these losses are not deducted from the total saleable units as this cost is normally passed on to the consumers.…”

Section: General Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined heat and power from the intermediate pyrolysis of biomass materials: performance, economics and environmental impact

et al. 2017

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Combined heat and power from the intermediate pyrolysis of biomass materials offers flexible, on-demand renewable energy with some significant advantages over other renewable routes. To maximise the deployment of this technology an understanding of the dynamics and sensitivities of such a system is required. In the present work the system performance, economics and life-cycle environmental impact is analysed with the aid of the process simulation software Aspen Plus. Under the base conditions for the UK, such schemes are not currently economically competitive with energy and char products produced from conventional means. However, under certain scenarios as modelled using a sensitivity analysis this technology can compete and can therefore potentially contribute to the energy and resource sustainability of the economy, particularly in onsite applications with low-value waste feedstocks. The major areas for potential performance improvement are in reactor cost reductions, the reliable use of waste feedstocks and a high value end use for the char by-product from pyrolysis. Keywords: bioenergy system; intermediate pyrolysis; combined heat and power; technoeconomic evaluation; environmental life-cycle analysis1 Introduction BackgroundOver ten percent of total world primary energy supply in 2013 (13.5 billion tonnes of oil equivalent) was produced from biomass sources, making biomass by far the most important renewable energy source [1,2]. In a global context, the use of biomass to generate power and heat has been a key element in reducing fossil fuel consumption and combating climate change. In the UK, the government has projected bioenergy to contribute over 35% of the total renewable energy production (including non-domestic heat and transport) needed to meet the target of 15% primary energy generation from renewables by 2020 [3].Biomass as an energy source is abundant, predictable and non-intermittent, and, importantly, is © 2017, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Section: General Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined heat and power from the intermediate pyrolysis of biomass materials: performance, economics and environmental impact

et al. 2017

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“…The losses are calculated with a simple steady-state model, using double piping with 5 cm insulation. The resulting losses are validated with other sources [45,46].…”

Section: District Heating Network and Central Storagementioning

confidence: 90%

Renewable Energy Generation Scenarios Using 3D Urban Modeling Tools—Methodology for Heat Pump and Co-Generation Systems with Case Study Application †

2019

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In the paper, a method was developed to automatically dimensionalize and calculate central energy generation and supply scenarios with a district heating system for cities based on 3D building models in the CityGML format and their simulated heat demand. In addition, the roof geometry of every individual building is used to model photovoltaic energy generation potential. Two types of supply systems, namely a central heat pump (HP) system and a large co-generation (combined heat and power-CHP) system (both with a central storage and district distribution system), are modeled to supply the heat demand of the area under investigation. Both energy generation models are applied to a case study town of 1610 buildings. For the HP scenario, it can be shown that the case study town's heat demand can be covered by a monovalent, low-temperature system with storage, but that the PV only contributes 15% to the HP electricity requirement. For the CHP scenario, only 61% of the heat demand can be covered by the CHP, as it was designed for a minimum of 4000 operating hours. Both the PV and the CHP excess electricity are fully injected into the grid. As a result, the primary energy comparison of both systems strongly depends on the chosen primary energy factors (PEF): with given German regulations the CHP system performs better than the HP system, as the grid-injected electricity has a PEF of 2.8. In the future, with increasingly lower PEFs for electricity, the situation reverses, and HPs perform better, especially if the CHP continues to use natural gas. Even when renewable gas from a power to gas (P2G) process is used for the CHP, the primary energy balance of the HP system is better, because of high conversion losses in the P2G process.

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“…The total heat loss

{\dot{Q}}_{hl}

in a DH network is the sum of the heat loss in each pipe of the supply and return lines. For dynamic simulations, Dalla Rosa et al investigated the heat losses from a pipe system with more than two pipes using finite element models in the pipe cross section.…”

Section: Modelling Of Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of modelling and optimisation techniques for district heating systems

2019

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Summary This article provides an extensive survey on the modelling and optimisation of district heating systems (DHSs) focused on the heat distribution network. For this purpose, the major components of a DHS have been described and discussed, and their modelling has been briefly reviewed, including numerical simulation models for heat sources, end‐users, and especially the distribution network. The main deterministic and heuristic optimisation techniques are briefly described. Additionally, a single‐objective and multiobjective optimisation problem is generally formulated, and the main optimisation criteria for the design and operation of the distribution network are synthesised and analysed. The state of the art in DHS optimisation has been also reviewed and categorised. Finally, some recommendations for future developments were included.

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Method for optimal design of pipes for low-energy district heating, with focus on heat losses

Cited by 169 publications

References 7 publications

Combined heat and power from the intermediate pyrolysis of biomass materials: performance, economics and environmental impact

Combined heat and power from the intermediate pyrolysis of biomass materials: performance, economics and environmental impact

Renewable Energy Generation Scenarios Using 3D Urban Modeling Tools—Methodology for Heat Pump and Co-Generation Systems with Case Study Application †

A review of modelling and optimisation techniques for district heating systems

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