Method, timing and duration of bare fallow for the control of Cirsium arvense and other creeping perennials

Thomsen, Mette Goul; Mangerud, Kjell; Riley, Hugh; Brandsæter, Lars Olav

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2015.05.020

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Unfortunately, autumn ploughing could be performed only in 2013 due to practical reasons. In agreement with our study, only a little difference in ploughing effects have been found in both light soils (Jacobsson 2006) and clay soils (Thomsen et al 2015). As we only performed autumn ploughing in one year, our conclusions need to be tempered.…”

Section: Discussion Experimentssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…As we only performed autumn ploughing in one year, our conclusions need to be tempered. Thomsen et al (2015) achieved good results against E. repens and S. arvensis already with three weeks of bare fallow in spring before green manure sowing (two-disc harrowing). The amount of E. repens in clay soil was less than 20 g DM m -2 in the untreated control in the subsequent year, which was much less than in our experiment (about 140 g DM m -2 ).…”

Section: Discussion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…If the situation is as in experiment 1 (high proliferation of E. repens in cereal stubble), better weed control results could probably be achieved by fallowing effectively from May through to the end of June. After that a green manure crop could be sown to suppress surviving weeds and to produce nitrogen for next year's crop (Thomsen et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Lötjönen

Salonen

2016

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perennial weeds are an increasing challenge in organic farming in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to compare different tillage methods in the control of Elymus repens by using two intensified bare fallow strategies. Two field experiments consisted of three ploughing methods and seven fallow methods. The experiments were carried out in organic soils in Central Finland. The methods applied in the brief fallow before cereal sowing (exp. 1) were not effective enough against E. repens. Due to wet weather conditions in the spring the fallow period was limited to two weeks in both years, which did not seem to be enough time. In the late summer fallow after ley (exp. 2), the Kvick-Finn weed-cultivator destroyed E. repens very effectively; on average 5% of E. repens remained alive in the barley crop in the autumn of the following year. After use of ordinary cultivators 10% of E. repens remained alive, after use of the spade harrow 25% and after frequent mowing over 50% remained alive, respectively. As a result of effective E. repens control, barley yield was about 1000 kg ha -1 higher than without any fallow. In conclusion, effective control of E. repens is achieved with proper machinery and repeated treatments at the optimal time.

show abstract

Section: Discussion Experimentssupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Lötjönen

Salonen

2016

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The rhizomes used in our study were of similar age and had only been harrowed once (2013) or twice (2012) before being collected. Previous studies show that one or two harrowing operations, without plowing afterward, do not severely limit the growth potential of quackgrass (Håkansson 2003;Thomsen et al 2015). One limiting factor is that the study did not include a real nonfragmentation level, as even the treatment with one 40-cm rhizome was a form of fragmentation.…”

Section: Combined Effect Of Clover Competition Shootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rhizome Fragmentation, Clover Competition, Shoot-Cutting Frequency, and Cutting Height on Quackgrass (Elymus repens)

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quackgrass is a problematic agricultural weed in the temperate zones of the world and is difficult to control without herbicides or intensive tillage. However, it may be possible to control quackgrass with less environmental impact by combining multiple low-intensity control methods. A pot experiment was conducted in July to October 2012 and repeated in June to September 2013 to investigate the effect of rhizome fragmentation, competition from white clover, shoot-cutting frequency, and cutting height on quackgrass. Rhizome fragmentation was expected to result in more, but weaker, quackgrass shoots that would be more vulnerable to shoot cutting and competition. However, by 20 d past planting, rhizome fragmentation did not change the total number of quackgrass shoots per pot, because an increase in main shoots was offset by a decrease in tiller numbers. Rhizome fragmentation did not reduce quackgrass biomass acquisition during the experimental period. Although rhizome fragmentation did reduce total fructan content, it did not enhance the effect of clover competition, shoot-cutting frequency, or shoot-cutting height. Clover competition by itself reduced quackgrass shoot numbers by 72%, rhizome biomass by 81%, and belowground fructan concentration by 10 percentage points, compared with no competition. The more frequently quackgrass shoots were cut, the less biomass quackgrass acquired, and a high shoot-cutting frequency (each time quackgrass reached 2 leaves) resulted in a lower belowground fructan concentration than a low shoot-cutting frequency (at 8 leaves). However, in pots without competition, a higher shoot-cutting frequency resulted in more quackgrass shoots. A lower shoot-cutting height (25 mm) had more impact when shoot cutting was more frequent. In conclusion, rhizome fragmentation did not reduce the number of quackgrass shoots or rhizome biomass, but competition from white clover, a high shoot-cutting frequency, and a low shoot-cutting height strongly suppressed quackgrass biomass and fructan acquisition.

show abstract

“…However, a study by Goul Thomsen et al . () showed that Cirsium arvense L. (creeping thistle) and Stachys palustris L. (marsh woundwort) were significantly reduced by mowing in green manure ley, although not eradicated. Moreover, while our cutting treatments were unable to damage plants completely due to the remaining green stubble, they considerably suppressed growth in both J. effusus and J. conglomeratus , suggesting that cutting can be used to effectively control vigorous growth of rushes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth pattern of Juncus effusus and Juncus conglomeratus in response to cutting frequency

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing abundance of Juncus effusus (soft rush) and Juncus conglomeratus (compact rush) in pastures and meadows in western Norway has caused reductions in forage yield and quality in recent decades. Understanding plant development and regrowth following cutting is essential in devising cost-effective means to control rushes. In a field experiment in western Norway, we investigated development of above-and below-ground fractions of rush from seedlings to three-year-old plants, including the impact on vigour of disturbing growth by different cutting frequencies during the period 2009-2012. Each year, the plants were exposed to one or two annual cuts or left untreated and five destructive samplings were performed from March to early December. Juncus effusus showed significantly more vigorous growth than Juncus conglomeratus in the last two years of the study period. The aboveground:below-ground biomass ratio of both species increased mainly in spring and early summer and was reduced in late summer and autumn. Removal of aerial shoots also reduced the below-ground fraction of both species. One annual cut in July effectively reduced biomass production in both species by 30-82%, which was only a slightly smaller reduction than with two annual cuts, in June and August. Mechanical control measures such as cutting can thus effectively reduce rush vigour when performed late in the growing season.

show abstract

Method, timing and duration of bare fallow for the control of Cirsium arvense and other creeping perennials

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils

Effect of Rhizome Fragmentation, Clover Competition, Shoot-Cutting Frequency, and Cutting Height on Quackgrass (Elymus repens)

Growth pattern of Juncus effusus and Juncus conglomeratus in response to cutting frequency

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About