Methodological and On-Site Applied Construction Layout Plan with Batter Boards Stake-Out Methods Comparison: A Case Study of Romania

Abstract

The layout or stake-out is one of the most important assignments of the surveying engineer, and it is of vital importance in the building process, as the designed geometries of the structure ensure the verticality and the correct positioning inside the terrain. The mission of the surveying engineer involves both legal and technical aspects, and the correct planning of the layout process must take into consideration aspects regarding the site conditions, instrumentation used, the required and achievable accuracies, network design and survey methods used. Given the vast applications of geodesy and topography in different domains and industries, the study incorporates general notions and technical aspects regarding the workflow in cadastre and construction surveying, guidelines for an efficient design of site layout plan with on-site applicability, as well as a novel comparison between four methods of construction lines geometry layout on batter boards. The results of this study aim to further consolidate the importance of accurate and efficient construction layout projects, with comprehensive design plans, methods and instrumentation selection, as well as recommendations. The presented discussions and conclusions are of interest to the geodetic community as well as the construction industry, and due to the pragmatic and experimental nature of the research, incorporates technical notes and original results of professional and academic importance.

Development of a Multi-Layer Marking Toolkit for Layout-Printing Automation at Construction Sites

“…In conventional, traditional layout-printing technology, the precision of reference line work may vary based on the skills of the on-site workers, such as carpenters, as shown in Figure 2, and design/construction errors and problems with their associated reduced construction quality can occur due to the fallible know-how and skill of workers at actual construction sites [7]. To minimize the precision required in the work performed by skilled workers, measurements are typically performed at construction sites using equipment such as laser levels and MEP (mechanical electronic plumbing) layouts [8]. Laser levels, which are typically used to measure and mark locations, are used to confirm the vertical and horizontal reference lines for marking work and to check for errors [9].…”

“…The aim of this study was to overcome the work scope limitations of construction, which is dependent on skilled workers performing conventional marking work, and to develop marking technology for a variety of functional improvements. To minimize the precision required in the work performed by skilled workers, measurements are typically performed at construction sites using equipment such as laser levels and MEP (mechanical electronic plumbing) layouts [8]. Laser levels, which are typically used to measure and mark locations, are used to confirm the vertical and horizontal reference lines for marking work and to check for errors [9].…”

A GIS-Based Spatial Analysis Model Approach for Identification of Optimal Hydrotechnical Solutions for Gully Erosion Stabilization. Case Study

“…The importance of a high-precision and accurate morphometric representation is essential in spatial analysis GIS models for identifying critical areas and issuing technical solutions to recover them. In this presented model, it was decided to obtain the DEM as the main spatial database input within the complex model using the UAV technique [43]. This technique for obtaining spatial databases was chosen because it fits perfectly in terms of costs and time allocated to this stage, in order to reduce the time used and maintain the relatively low costs.…”

“…In recent decades, GNSS systems became the perfect choice for topographical surveys and precise measurements of points on the surface of the earth used to geo-reference. GNSS systems are conditioned to optimal field conditions such as sufficient satellite availability, network RTK services and open field [43]. The high precision of the required representation is obtained as a result of georeferencing the obtained images after performing the flights based on GCP.…”

The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Dynamic Site Layout Planning in Large-Scale Construction Projects

“…An important factor influencing productivity, safety, and efficiency of construction operations, is the site layout adopted during the various stages of construction. Therefore, an optimised location of temporary facilities that support construction operations on-site is essential for effective construction works [3]. Temporary facilities provide an operational supplementary platform for work tasks taking place within the area of construction, and the process of locating these facilities on-site site is denoted as site layout planning (SLP) [4], or construction site layout planning (CSLP).…”