Methodological challenges in neonatal microbiome research

Chapman, Jonathan A.; Stewart, Christopher J.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2183687

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 84 publications

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“…Changes in bacterial components have been observed in the gut of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse models, although the characteristic phenotype of bacteria has not yet been determined (Vogt et al 2017;Dunham et al 2022;Meyer et al 2022;Zhang T et al 2023). In a prospective study of cognitively healthy individuals, a decrease in butyrateproducing bacterial species (e.g., Roseburia inulinivorans and R. faecis) or an increase in proinflammatory bacteria (e.g., Veillonella dispar and V. atypica) was associated with subjective cognitive decline during a follow-up period of 2-4 years (Ma et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Pathology in Mice by Gut Bacterial Deletion: The Role of Il-17a and Microglial MyD88

Hao,

Luo,

Tomic

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Gut bacteria regulate brain pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal models; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, 3-month-old APP-transgenic female mice with and without knock-out ofIl-17agene, or haploinsufficiency of MyD88 in microglia were treated with antibiotics-supplemented or normal drinking water for 2 months. Antibiotic treatment eradicated gut bacteria, particularly in the phylaBacteroidetesandFirmicutes, and reduced Il-17a-expressing CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Deletion of gut bacteria inhibited inflammatory activation in the brain and microglia, and reduced cerebral Aβ levels in APP-transgenic mice, which was abolished by deficiency of Il-17a or haploinsufficiency of MyD88 in microglia. As possible mechanisms regulating Aβ pathology, deletion of gut bacteria inhibited β-secretase activity and increased the expression of Abcb1 and Lrp1 in the brain or at the blood-brain barrier, which were also reversed by the absence of Il-17a. Interestingly, a crossbreeding experiment between APP-transgenic mice andIl-17aknockout mice further showed that deficiency of Il-17a had already increased Abcb1 and Lrp1 expression at the blood-brain barrier. Thus, deletion of gut bacteria attenuates inflammatory activation and amyloid pathology in APP-transgenic mice via Il-17a and microglial MyD88-involved signalling pathways. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the gut-brain axis in AD pathophysiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Pathology in Mice by Gut Bacterial Deletion: The Role of Il-17a and Microglial MyD88

Hao,

Luo,

Tomic

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Neonatal Microbiome: Is it Still Beneficial?

Shawky Elfarargy,

Hamdy Elbadry,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

EMIDDT

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The neonatal microbiome includes all the microorganisms living within or on the surface of the newborn, as well as their genes (i.e., bacteria, fungi, and viruses), which are composed mainly of bacteria. The majority of these microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which is known as the gut microbiome. They include trillions of microbes, which exceed the total number of neonate cells. In this study, we have examined factors affecting neonatal microbiome colonization, various phyla of the microbiome in neonates, and their characteristics. In addition, we have discussed symbiosis and dysbiosis, precipitating diseases, breast milk’s role in the neonatal gut microbiome, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, as well as the airway or respiratory microbiome, and the main role of the neonatal microbiome. We have also discussed neonatal mycobiome and neonatal virome, as well as the research done on the neonatal microbiome.

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Impact of Soybean Bioactive Peptides on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Ability, Molecular Responses, and Gut Microbiota of Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) Fed with a Low-Fishmeal Diet

Yang,

Liu,

Pan

et al. 2024

Biology

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The substitution of fishmeal with high-level soybean meal in the diet of crustaceans usually induces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the hepatopancreas. Therefore, it is essential to alleviate these adverse effects. In the present study, SBPs were used to alleviate the negative effects of a fishmeal decrease on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in an 8-week feeding trial. Three isonitrogenic and isolipidic diets were prepared as follows: R (reference diet with 32% fishmeal), CT (control diet with 22% fishmeal), and SBP (22% fishmeal with 1.25 g/kg soybean bioactive peptides). The prawns (initial biomass per tank 17 g) were randomly divided into three groups with four replicates. The results showed that the low-fishmeal diet induced the following: (1) the inhibition of growth performance and survival of prawns; (2) an increase in triglyceride content in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph and downregulation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt1) gene expression; (3) a reduction in antioxidant enzymes’ activities and their genes expression levels and an increase malondialdehyde (MDA) content; and (4) an increase in the abundance of the conditional pathogen Pseudomonas in the gut. SBPs supplementation in the CT diet effectively alleviated most of the above adverse effects. SBPs enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity to synthesize nitric oxide (NO) by activating the imd-relish pathway. Most importantly, SBPs increased the potential probiotic Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group abundance and decreased the abundance of the conditional pathogen Pseudomonas in the gut. In conclusion, SBPs supplementation can improve low-fishmeal-diet-induced growth inhibition by regulating the gut microbiota composition to ameliorate lipid deposition and oxidative stress and strengthen immune status in oriental river prawn.

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Methodological challenges in neonatal microbiome research

Cited by 3 publications

References 84 publications

Modulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Pathology in Mice by Gut Bacterial Deletion: The Role of Il-17a and Microglial MyD88

Modulation of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Pathology in Mice by Gut Bacterial Deletion: The Role of Il-17a and Microglial MyD88

Neonatal Microbiome: Is it Still Beneficial?

Impact of Soybean Bioactive Peptides on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Ability, Molecular Responses, and Gut Microbiota of Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) Fed with a Low-Fishmeal Diet

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