Methodologies of Link-Level Simulator and System-Level Simulator for C-V2X Communication

Abstract

At the time of the development, standardization, and further improvement are vital to the modern cellular systems such as the next generation wireless communication (5G).Simulations are essential to test and optimize algorithms and procedures prior to their implementation process of the equipment manufactures. In order to evaluate system performance at different levels, accurate simulations of simple setups, as well as simulations of more complex systems via abstracted models are necessary. In this work, two new simulators for the sidelink Cooperative-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication have been implemented and carried out on both the physical layer (Link-Level (LL)) and network layer (System-Level (SL)). Detailed methodologies of the LL and SL simulators for C-V2X communication have been illustrated. In the LL simulator, we get the mapping curves of BLER and Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR), which are used as a baseline for measuring the performance of the LL simulation. In addition, these mapping curves are used as the important Link-to-System (L2S) interfaces. The SL simulator is utilized for measuring the performance of cell networking and simulating large networks comprising of multiple eNBs and UEs. Finally, the simulation results of both simulators for C-V2X communication are presented, which shows that different objectives can be met by using LL or SL simulations types.Index Terms-5G, Sidelink, Link-level simulator, System-level simulator This communication is a point-to-multipoint communication where several Receivers (Rxs) try to receive the same data packets transmitted from a single Transmitter (Tx). As shown in Fig.1, a network-assisted DC-V2X transmission model is implemented in this work, using a highway scenario for data packets transmission, where all UEs are connected to Base Stations (BSs). What's moreover, the UE radio architecture consisting of the U-Plane and C-Plane is provided for C-V2X communication [6]. In this work, the Tx directly transmits its data packets to the surrounding Rxs in the communication range of the Tx in the U-Plane. This method of DC-V2X communication results in lower latencies, as it does not involve the C-Plane. And all UEs are connected to the operator network in the C-Plane where can provide network control for the DC-V2X communication [7]. In 3GPP, there are two sidelink transmission modes to assign radio resources to C-V2X Txs. They are as follows:

On potential challenges of V2X sidelink relaying under interference: link-level and system-level simulation with neural network assisted

“…To evaluate the performance of sidelink, most researchers implement link simulation to test physical layer technologies. In [9], the authors design an LTE V2X link simulator to analyze physical layer transmission performance on highways and obtain the performance curves of signal-noise ratio (SNR) and BLER at different vehicle speeds. In addition, Sattiraju et al [10] investigate the BLER performance using IEEE 802.11p and LTE V2X.…”

“…The result of the PLA simulation is close to that of the real end-to-end link simulation. It is noted that the V2V link simulation in LTE V2X of work [9,10] cannot accurately describe the link performance of NR V2X in most scenarios. [11] cannot directly reflect the impact of physical layer parameters on the BLER, notwithstanding it reduces simulation time and algorithm complexity.…”

Controlled mobility for C-V2X road safety reception optimization

“…In this case, concurrent transmissions are not necessarily interfering with each other. The physical layer performance of several Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication technologies is evaluated and compared [18][19][20]. However, there is no research work on realistic link modeling of C-V2X to assist the self-optimization of vehicular networks.…”

A Methodology for Abstracting the Physical Layer of Direct V2X Communications Technologies

“…In parallel to this, a number of works further simplify the PHY layer modeling by using a single SINR threshold instead of the PER vs. SINR curve, which clearly further reduces the burden of simulating the transmission–reception process and also simplifies the modeling in analytical studies. For example, an SINR threshold-based model is used to investigate LTE-V2X in [ 20 ] and for the validation of new proposals in [ 21 ], addressing a new MAC protocol based on network coding, and, in [ 22 ], focusing on software-defined networking. The problem with this approach is that the value of the threshold is often either selected arbitrarily, as in [ 22 ], or starting from a PER vs. SINR curve but without justification, as in [ 20 ], where the SINR value corresponding to 0.01 PER is adopted, or in [ 21 ], where the value of the SINR corresponding to the lowest PER is used.…”

“…For example, an SINR threshold-based model is used to investigate LTE-V2X in [ 20 ] and for the validation of new proposals in [ 21 ], addressing a new MAC protocol based on network coding, and, in [ 22 ], focusing on software-defined networking. The problem with this approach is that the value of the threshold is often either selected arbitrarily, as in [ 22 ], or starting from a PER vs. SINR curve but without justification, as in [ 20 ], where the SINR value corresponding to 0.01 PER is adopted, or in [ 21 ], where the value of the SINR corresponding to the lowest PER is used. An approach used to derive such a threshold from PER vs. SINR curves and a demonstration that the use of thresholds can be an acceptable approximation is still missing.…”