Methodology for integrated modelling and impact assessment of city energy system scenarios

Muñoz, Iñigo Galzacorta; Hernández, Patxi; Pérez-Iribarren, Estibaliz; Pedrero, Juan Chozas; Arrizabalaga, Eneko; Hermoso, Nekane

doi:10.1016/j.esr.2020.100553

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In order to compare the applied methodology and the results obtained with other local realities, we took the energy balances for Madrid [17] and Valencia [18] as references. We took these studies for the geographical proximity and for the similar approach.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studies and With The Spanish Averagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it still shows a level that is 10% higher than the country level. In particular, cold winters force more to be spent on heating in Valladolid than in the other locations, although the residential and tertiary buildings do not represent more than 30% of the final energy consumption, that share being higher in Madrid and Valencia [17,18]. On the contrary, the share of final energy consumption in the industrial sector in Valladolid is the largest of the three cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We take one physical approach for the final energy consumption user, as in the reference work for Melbourne [16]. This approach has recently been used for two larger Spanish cities: Madrid [17], in which an energy balance is carried out with top-down data sources, and Valencia [18], in which a combination of top-down and bottom-up methodologies are used to solve the lack of data. There are other methodologies to describe the final energy consumption, adopting only a bottom-up approach [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the Energy Flows and GHG Emissions of a Medium-Size City: The Case of Valladolid (Spain)

Manzanera-Benito

Capellán‐Pérez

2021

Sustainability

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Valladolid (Spain) is a medium-size city (~300,000 inhabitants) that established a greenhouse (GHG) emissions reduction target in 2011 of 20% from 2010–2020. However, tracking the evolution of GHG in medium-size cities is challenging due to the general lack of compulsory data collection at this scale and issues with boundaries when attempting alternative estimates. Here, we propose and apply a novel method to estimate the evolution of GHG emissions due to energy consumption for the period of 2010–2019 in Valladolid, combining top-down and bottom-up data following a physical energy flows approach. The energy consumption of the city is estimated by main sectors and types of energies. The results show that, throughout the past decade, both total energy consumption and its sector end-use share did not significantly change: final energy consumption remained at around 24 MWh (86.5 GJ) per capita and was still highly dependent on fossil fuels, especially natural gas and oil products (over 70% of total energy supply). The GHG reduction by 2019 was ~11% with relation to 2010 and, thus, had not reached the set objective; in per capita terms, the GHG reduction was lower (~6%) due to population loss during the period. The trend, however, has not been monotone and has instead followed a U-shape strongly correlated with the economic crisis and subsequent recovery, suggesting that transition policies have had, at most, a modest effect on the overall results. The analysis shows, first of all, the limitations of statistical sources at a local level, both for energy and mobility, which do not allow more accurate results in identifying the main energy consumers to be reached; and, secondly, the need for strong decarbonization measures which have to be set urgently at all the relevant institutional levels. Reaching GHG neutrality in the city by 2050 requires reducing the GHG emissions by ~13%/year, which is ~20 times faster than for the 2010–2019 average of 0.6%/year.

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Section: Comparison With Other Studies and With The Spanish Averagementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the Energy Flows and GHG Emissions of a Medium-Size City: The Case of Valladolid (Spain)

Manzanera-Benito

Capellán‐Pérez

2021

Sustainability

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“…Actions to achieve energy transition and meet the Paris Agreement targets for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are critical [1]. Cities are a cornerstone of this energy transition, as by the end of 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population is likely to live in an urban area [2], contributing to almost two-thirds of global primary energy demand and accounting for more than 70% of greenhouse gas emissions [3]. Therefore, energy transition requires multifaceted targets ranging from 100% renewable energy generation by 2050 [4] to the development of carbon neutral districts [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Alternatives for Energy Supply from Fuel Cells in Compact Cities in the Mediterranean Climate; Case Study: City of Valencia

et al. 2022

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A study of energy supply alternatives was carried out based on a cogeneration fuel cell system fed from the natural gas network of compact Mediterranean cities. As a case study it was applied to the residential energy demands of the L’Illa Perduda neighbourhood, located in the east of the city of Valencia and consisting of 4194 residential cells. In total, eight different alternatives were studied according to the load curve, the power of the system, the mode of operation and the distribution of the fuel cells. In this way, the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration were found. This information, together with the previous study of the energy characteristics of the neighbourhood, enabled selection of the most promising configuration and to decide whether or not to recommend investment. The chosen configuration was a centralised system of phosphoric acid fuel cells in cogeneration, with approximately 4 MW of thermal power and an operating mode that varied according to the outside temperature. In this way, when heating is required, the plant adjusts its production to the thermal demand, and when cooling is required, the plant follows the electrical demand. This configuration presented the best energy results, as it achieved good coverage of thermal (62.5%) and electrical (88.1%) demands with good primary energy savings (28.36 GWh/year). However, due to the high power of the system and low maturity (i.e., high costs) of this technology, would be necessary to make a large initial economic investment of 15.2 M€.

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“…In Europe, the JPI programme is facilitating the evolution of methodologies for developing PEDs in cities, but this point is still under development given its novelty. Along these lines, but referring to an entire city, [12] presents a methodology for integrated city energy modelling and assessment, from characterising the city's current energy performance to developing and assessing future scenarios. Bottom-up approaches are combined with top-down data for the energy characterisation, and scenarios are developed through a multi-criteria impact assessment model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning positive energy districts in urban water fronts: Approach to La Marina de València, Spain

Aparisi-Cerdá

Ribó-Pérez

Cuesta-Fernandez

et al. 2022

Energy Conversion and Management

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Methodology for integrated modelling and impact assessment of city energy system scenarios

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Mapping the Energy Flows and GHG Emissions of a Medium-Size City: The Case of Valladolid (Spain)

Mapping the Energy Flows and GHG Emissions of a Medium-Size City: The Case of Valladolid (Spain)

Evaluation of Alternatives for Energy Supply from Fuel Cells in Compact Cities in the Mediterranean Climate; Case Study: City of Valencia

Planning positive energy districts in urban water fronts: Approach to La Marina de València, Spain

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