Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition

Soest, P.J. Van; Robertson, James B.; Lewis, B. A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78551-2

Cited by 22,871 publications

(12,430 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The samples were analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (hereafter, NDF) (NDF‐ANKOM fiber analyzer), nitrogen (Kjeldahl), ash (combustion), and fat (ether extract) (Donati, Baldi, Morelli, Ganzhorn, & Borgognini‐Tarli, 2009; Naumann & Bassler, 1976; Van Soest, Robertson, & Lewis, 1991; Voigt et al, 2004) following standard chemical procedures. A comparison of methods is provided by Ortmann, Bradley, Stolter, and Ganzhorn, (2006) and Rothman, Chapman, and Soest (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and seasonal differences in diet and nutrient intake in Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)

Koch

Ganzhorn

Rothman

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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Fluctuations in food availability are a major challenge faced by primates living in seasonal climates. Variation in food availability can be especially challenging for females, because of the high energetic costs of reproduction. Therefore, females must adapt the particular demands of the different reproductive stages to the seasonal availability of resources. Madagascar has a highly seasonal climate, where food availability can be extremely variable. We investigated the seasonal changes in diet composition, nutrient and energy intake of female and male sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) in a dry deciduous forest in western Madagascar. We examined how females adjust their diet to different reproductive stages. Seasonality affected the diet of both sexes; particularly in the dry season (Apr–Oct) with low availability of food items, especially fruits, males and females had a reduced nutrient and energy intake compared to the wet season (Nov–Mar) with higher food and fruit availability. The comparison of the diet between sexes in different reproductive stages showed that during the late stage of lactation (Nov–Jan) females had higher food intake, and as a result they had a higher intake of macronutrients (crude protein, fat and non‐structured carbohydrates (TNC)) and energy than males. These differences were not present during the pregnancy of females, with both sexes having similar intake of macronutrients and energy during that stage. The increase in the intake of macronutrients observed for females during late lactation could be related to the higher energetic demands of this stage of reproduction. Thus, the observed pattern in the diet indicates that sifaka females are following a capital breeding strategy, whereby females potentially store enough nutrients to cope with the reproduction costs in periods of low food availability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and seasonal differences in diet and nutrient intake in Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)

Koch

Ganzhorn

Rothman

et al. 2016

American J Primatol

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“…The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using the methods described by Van Soest et al (1991) with heat-stable a-amylase and sodium sulfite used in the NDF procedure and expressed inclusive of residual ash. Crude protein (CP; N 3 6.25) was determined by the method of Krishnamoorthy et al (1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats

Sun

Mao

Zhu

2010

Animal

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The correlation between rumen chemical and bacterial changes was investigated during a four periodical stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet (concentrate level at 0%, 30%, 50% and 70% for diet I to IV, respectively) in goats. The results showed that ruminal pH decreased from 6.7 to 5.5 after switching from diet I to II, and was maintained at about 5.5 on diet III. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results showed that the rumen bacterial community was relatively stable during the initial three feeding periods, except for the appearance of three bands when diet changed from I to II, suggesting that an appropriate concentrate level can promote the proliferation of some bacteria. After 12 days of feeding diet III, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and butyrate proportion decreased. At days 2 and 3 of feeding diet IV, ruminal pH declined sharply to 5.3 and 4.7, respectively, and total VFA concentration decreased further while lactic acid concentration increased markedly, suggesting a relation between lactic acid accumulation and ruminal pH decline. At the same time, many bacteria disappeared, including most fibrolytic-related bacteria while Streptococcus bovis and Prevotella-like species dominated. Interestingly, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like species maintained throughout the experiment, suggesting its tolerance to low pH. In conclusion, rumen bacterial community was relatively stable feeding 0% to 50% concentrate diets, and it was observed that appropriate concentrate levels in the diet could increase the diversity of rumen bacteria. However, concentrate-rich diets caused lactic acid accumulation and low ruminal pH that caused the disappearance of most fibrolytic-related bacteria sensitive to low pH while S. bovis and genus Prevotella persisted.

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“…Gross energy was measured using a Parr 1201 oxygen bomb calorimeter (Parr, Moline, IL, USA). The NDF was determined using a Fibretec extraction unit (Tecator, Hoganans, Sweden) according to the method of Van Soest et al (1991). The nitrogen content was determined as Kjeldahl N X 6.25 (AOAC, 1995) using the LECO FP 528 instrument (LECO Instruments, UK Ltd, Newby Road, Hazel Grove, Stockport, Cheshire, UK).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of seaweed extract inclusion on gut morphology, selected intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid concentrations and the immune status of the weaned pig

Reilly

O’Doherty

Pierce

et al. 2008

Animal

126

105

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An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the effects of Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria digitata seaweed extract inclusion on gut morphology, selected intestinal microbiota populations, volatile fatty acid concentrations and the immune status of the weaned pig. Twenty-eight piglets (24 days of age, 6.5 6 1.4 kg live weight) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 7 days and then sacrificed: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg L. hyperborea seaweed extract; (T3) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg L. digitata seaweed extract; and (T4) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg of a combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract. The seaweed extract contained both laminarin and fucoidan. Digesta samples were taken from the caecum and colon to measure the enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations and for volatile fatty acid analysis. Tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for morphological examination. Blood samples were taken to determine the cytokine gene expression profile and to measure the phagocytotic capacity of the blood. Pigs offered diets containing L. hyperborea seaweed extract had less bifidobacteria in the colon (P , 0.05) and lactobacilli in the caecum (P , 0.05) and colon (P , 0.001). The inclusion of L. digitata seaweed extract resulted in lower populations of enterobacteria in the caecum and colon (P , 0.01), bifidobacteria in the caecum (P , 0.05), and lactobacilli in the caecum (P , 0.05) and colon (P , 0.001). Pigs offered the combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extracts had less enterobacteria (P , 0.05) and lactobacilli (P , 0.01) in the caecum and colon. Pigs offered the L. digitata-supplemented diet had a reduced villous height in the duodenum and jejunum (P , 0.05). The inclusion of the L. digitata seaweed extract increased the molar proportion of butyric acid in the colon (P , 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the ammonia concentration in the colon with the inclusion of L. hyperborea (P , 0.01) and L. digitata (P , 0.05) seaweed extracts. An increase in the expression of the Interleukin-8 mRNA was observed on day 6 with the supplementation of the combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract (P , 0.05). The inclusion of L. hyperborea seaweed extract resulted in an increase in total monocyte number (P , 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract alone and in combination reduced the enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations in the caecum and colon, while only marginal effects on the immune response was observed.

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Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition

Cited by 22,871 publications

References 23 publications

Sex and seasonal differences in diet and nutrient intake in Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)

Sex and seasonal differences in diet and nutrient intake in Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)

Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats

The effects of seaweed extract inclusion on gut morphology, selected intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid concentrations and the immune status of the weaned pig

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