Methods for Fixation of Bone Fragments in Lower Jaw Fractures

Abstract

Thing. A review of the literature devoted to the topical problem of maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry – methods of treating patients with mandibular fractures was carried out.
 The aim of the study is to review the materials of publications on the methods of treatment of patients with mandibular fractures.
 Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors, considering methods of fixation of bone fragments in lower jaw fractures, have been studied.
 Results. Publications indicate that there are many treatments for mandibular fractures. Research results demonstrate the importance of bone stabilization for bone fusion. A common disadvantage of conservative and surgical methods of treatment is unstable fixation of bone fragments, which is the most common cause of delayed consolidation of a mandibular fracture. The presented studies show that bone osteosynthesis with metal plates is considered the most appropriate method for treating mandibular fractures.
 Conclusions. Splinting as a method of treating fractures of the lower jaw has a large number of disadvantages. A common disadvantage of methods for splinting the lower jaw is that these structures do not always provide anatomical reduction and stability for the entire period of consolidation or require mandatory intermaxillary fixation, the lower jaw is fixed in the central occlusion position, which is not a position of physiological rest, and leads to passive muscle tension. depriving them of active function.
 The main disadvantage of the methods of osteosynthesis using a suture and using wires is that it is difficult to achieve stable fixation of fragments using these techniques.
 Combined methods of fixation of bone fragments (use of a bone suture and dental splints) provide a stronger fixation of the fragments.
 In the past two decades, in the treatment of mandibular fractures, there has been an increase in the trend towards rigid or semi-rigid osteosynthesis using plates.
 The disadvantages of compression osteosynthesis is that significant compression can lead to ischemia and slow down the formation of callus.
 A common disadvantage of conservative and surgical methods of treatment is unstable fixation of bone fragments, which is the most common reason for their delayed consolidation.
 Bone osteosynthesis with metal plates is considered a more progressive method of treating mandibular fractures.