Methods for the analysis of hazardous wastes

Lesage, Suzanne

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)80077-l

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This methodology, often called atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), is very different from the electrospray or ion spray processes (see box). The process is well suited for higher flow rate operation (e.g., 1 mL/min) under a variety of LC conditions. However, the ionization process puts the analyte into the gas phase, making it unsuitable for truly nonvolatile and thermally unstable compounds.…”

Section: Generating Desolvating Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization LC/M

Voyksner¹

1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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as chromatography/mass _j spectrometry (GC/MS) has Jbeen particularly important in environmental research and monitoring because it can confirm or identify trace residues in complex matrices (1, 2). It has become the "staple" for the identification and measurement of volatiles and semivolatiles in air, foodstuffs, water, and wastes. Yet even with the current intensive monitoring programs, there are major shortcomings in the characterization of environmental media. Often laboratory efforts can account for only a small portion of the carbon mass balance of oxidation products in air, pollutants in water, or components in hazardous waste (1). Typically this unaccounted-for mass is summarized as polar, thermally unstable, or high-molecularweight material unsuitable for

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Section: Generating Desolvating Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization LC/M

Voyksner¹

1994

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…1 Although PAHs are ubiquitous in the environment, the assessment of the risk of soil contamination is usually associated with the content of different sort of pollutants and among them PAHs are one of the key groups. 2 As a consequence of the improvements in the quantitation methods, deeper attention is being focused on the extraction methods. 3,4 The literature contains examples of different extraction techniques for removing PAHs from environmental solids such as supercritical ¯uid extraction (SFE), 5±7 Soxhlet extraction, 5 and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of solvent and soil type on the pressurised fluid extraction of PAHs

Zuloaga

Fitzpatrick

Etxebarria

et al. 2000

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a certified reference material (CRM) 524 has been firstly optimised following a central composite design. The instrumental parameters of the PFE (pressure, temperature, extraction time and number of solvent cycles) were studied in order to obtain maximum extraction yields. Neither pressure nor extraction time or temperature seemed to have any significant effect on the extraction yield, therefore one extraction cycle was enough to exhaustively extract all the PAHs from CRM 524. Once the instrumental conditions were established, the extraction yields obtained with eight different solvents or solvent mixtures [acetone, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, acetone-dichloromethane (1 + 1 v/v), acetone-isohexane (1 + 1 v/v), isohexane, methanol and toluene] from the CRM 524 were compared and showed that the best recoveries were obtained with acetone-isohexane (1 + 1 v/v). Finally, the effect of sand, silt, clay and the organic matter content of soil was investigated with respect to recovery of PAHs by PFE with different solvents or solvent mixtures for aged soil samples. In this case, eight soils with different sand, silt, clay and organic matter contents were slurry spiked with PAHs and aged for 19 days. Three aliquots of each slurry spiked soil were extracted with the previously mentioned solvents and the results were studied by means of principal component analysis (PCA) of the whole data set (soil composition, solubility parameter of the solvent and recoveries of all PAHs) and partial least squares (PLS). Clay and organic matter content and the squared solubility parameter have the highest correlation with the recovery of PAHs from soil samples.

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“…Although the aromatic amines are present in the priority pollutants list of hazardous substances,17 only limited mass spectrometric data have been published 18–20. This paper discusses the mass spectra, structural assignment and distribution of 24 identified aromatic amines in 13 samples (suspended particulate matter and vapor phase), collected in an area subjected to heavy traffic involved in pyrite sludge removal and soil reclamation activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of novel aromatic amines in environmental samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Moldovan

Bayona

2000

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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A number of compounds belonging to five chemical classes of aromatic amines were identified by electron impact mass spectrometry, both in the vapor phase and in suspended particulate matter collected in an area subjected to heavy traffic. This paper presents the mass spectra of new aromatic amines, proposed mechanisms for formation of the major ions obtained by electron impact, concentrations of each class in 13 environmental samples, and the distribution of the individual compounds of the major chemical classes (greater than 80% by weight).

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Methods for the analysis of hazardous wastes

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization LC/M

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization LC/M

Influence of solvent and soil type on the pressurised fluid extraction of PAHs

Determination of novel aromatic amines in environmental samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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