Methods for the catalytic synthesis of piperazine

Abstract

An analytical review of the methods used for piperazine synthesis compares two groups of catalytic processes: intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization. Advantages and drawbacks of the existing piperazine synthesis methods are noted; the preferable highly selective processes of intramolecular cyclization using aminoethylethanolamine and diethylenetriamine as well as the single-step processes of intermolecular cyclization using ethylenediamine, mono- and diethanolamine are indicated.