Methods for the Determination of the Absolute Potentials

Billiter, Jean

doi:10.1149/1.3492167

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The potential +0.475 V SHE was also explained by J. Billiter as the absolute zero potential. 21 Moreover, at that time, it was necessary to explain the potentials of zero charge (with the significant effects). 18 The decrease of differences χ a,interm -χ a for metals (Fig.…”

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The Correlation Between the Electronegativities and the Standard Potentials

Chernomorskii¹

2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The linear correlations are analyzed between the empirical electronegativities χ a of metals and non-metals and their standard potentials E o . The correlation intersection corresponds to the transfer from metals to non-metals, characterized by the intermediate electronegativity χ a,interm and the standard potential E o ∼+ 0.5 V SHE which is close to Billiter potential +0.475 V SHE. The electronegativity χ a,interm and E o ∼ +0.5 V SHE would correspond to some hypothetical substance (neither metal nor non-metal) without own chemical actiity. This would be due to the intermediate non-specific (definite coulomb) bond of its outer electrons. This bond is not enough unstable (as metallic bonds) for breaking and not enough stable (as non-metallic bonds) for accepting electrons. Spontaneous half-reactions-interactions of Red - and Ox - forms on electrodes are due to the break Red + H2O → Ox + ne interm and formation Ox + ne interm + H2O → Red of specific (chemical) electron bonds with Ox-forms, where ne interm are electrons without specific bond with Ox-forms. The instant division of electrons ne interm, ions and polarized water molecules of formed intermediate complexes leads to the appearance of double-electric layers on electrodes.

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