Methods of introducing lead into bismuth-2223 and their effects on phase development and superconducting properties

Dorris, S. E.; Prorok, Barton C.; Lanagan, Michael T.; Browning, N.B.; Hagen, M.; Parrell, J.A.; Feng, Yin; Umezawa, A.; Larbalestier, D. C.

doi:10.1016/0921-4534(94)90709-9

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…19 Other tapes of this type exhibited J C up to 23 kA/cm 2 . 20 Measurements were performed with samples immersed in liquid He or N 2 to minimize any variation in sample temperature over the extended voltage range of the measurements. The magnetic field was aligned to each tape axis with a Ϯ3°tolerance that was small relative to the 10°-15°angular dispersion of the c axes of the BSCCO grains within the tape.…”

Section: Experiments Details and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of c-axis field components in making the transport E(J) characteristics of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes insensitive to the direction of field within the tape plane

Edelman

Larbalestier

1998

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report extended ͑over four decades͒ electric field versus current density characteristics of ͑Bi,Pb͒ 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 tapes in magnetic fields applied along each of the three principal tape axes at 77 K, and along the two principal axes in the tape plane at 4.2 K. The characteristics are almost independent of field direction in the tape plane at both temperatures. Similar insensitivity of the critical current to magnetic field direction observed in other polycrystalline high temperature superconductors has been ascribed to the percolative nature of current flow, while the insensitivity in ͑Bi,Pb͒ 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 ͑2223͒ films and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 single crystals has been attributed to c-axis conduction across Josephson junctions. We show that the insensitivity of the critical current density to the field direction of these tapes follows naturally from the fact that the dissipation depends only on the field component lying along the c axis of individual 2223 grains. Lorenz-force driven motion of the pancake vortices that form within each 2223 grain provides a dissipation mechanism that involves only the c-axis components of the field. The angular dispersion of the grains in the tape ensures a c-axis field component in most grains, regardless of the applied field direction. This produces the remarkable insensitivity of E(J) over some four orders of magnitude of the electric field.

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Section: Experiments Details and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of c-axis field components in making the transport E(J) characteristics of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes insensitive to the direction of field within the tape plane

Edelman

Larbalestier

1998

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…In this paper, we extend the prior work of Dorris et al [11][12][13] to an investigation of microstructural evolution in two-powder Ag/Bi-2223 composite conductors containing Bil.8PbxSr2CaCu208 with various lead contents in the range from x=0.2 to 0.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of lead content on phase evolution and microstructural development in Ag-clad Bi-2223 composite conductors

Merchant¹,

Maroni²,

Fischer³

et al. 1997

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A two powder process was used to prepare silver-sheathed monofilamentary Bil.8Pb~Srl.98Cal.97Cu3.080~ (Bi-2223) tapes with varying lead contents, x, from 0.2 to 0.5. The resulting tapes were subjected to thermomechanical processing and then characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). Layered phase texture was accessed using image analysis software on scanned SEM micrographs. Transport currents were measured at 77 K and zero field by the four-probe method. It was found that tapes with low lead content (x=0.2 and 0.25) showed incomplete conversion to Bi-2223, had small grain size and poor c-axis texture. Tapes having higher lead content (x=0.4 and 0.5) also showed incomplete conversion and the presence of lead-rich secondary phases. Tapes with lead content x=0.3 and 0.35 showed complete conversion to Bi-2223, and had the least amount of secondary phases, the best c-axis texture, and the highest transport currents (Jc). The carbon content of the precursor powder also had a strong influence on secondary-phase chemistry.

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“…[20][21][22] Good Bi-2212 powders have previously been prepared by a sol-gel method. This time is somewhat long when compared with optimized solid-state synthesis routes, 26,27 despite the greater inherent intimacy of mixing in solgel methods. 11,12 Because of the previous work with Bi-2212 and the fact that we did not succeed in forming good Bi-2223 powders from the Pb-free composition, we focused on the synthesis of Pb-containing Bi-2223.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26][27] It has been shown that distribution of Pb is one key to successful formation of Bi-2223, perhaps because of generation of a Pb-rich liquid. [24][25][26][27] It has been shown that distribution of Pb is one key to successful formation of Bi-2223, perhaps because of generation of a Pb-rich liquid.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26][27] It has been shown that distribution of Pb is one key to successful formation of Bi-2223, perhaps because of generation of a Pb-rich liquid. 25,26 Our results indicate the Pb is also effective in promoting thermal decomposition of acetates (Fig. 25,26 Our results indicate the Pb is also effective in promoting thermal decomposition of acetates (Fig.…”

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Thermal conversion of gels to YBa₂Cu₃O_x, Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x, and (Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x and their decarbonization by low-temperature treatment with nitric acid

et al. 1996

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Thermal conversion of acetate-derived gels to YBa2Cu3Ox (Y–123), Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi–2212), and (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) has been studied by thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Carbonates formed above 200 °C during thermal treatment of all gels. Decomposition of the carbonates proved to be more difficult for Y-123 than for Bi-2212 or Bi-2223. However, all of the gels that were heated contained significant amounts of carbon after calcination. Complete decarbonization of materials was attained by treating the intermediate phases (e.g., those formed after calcination at 600 °C) with nitric acid and then subjecting them to a final thermal treatment. Removal of carbonates from the intermediate phases strongly accelerated formation of the superconducting compounds.

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Methods of introducing lead into bismuth-2223 and their effects on phase development and superconducting properties

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Role of c-axis field components in making the transport E(J) characteristics of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes insensitive to the direction of field within the tape plane

Role of c-axis field components in making the transport E(J) characteristics of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes insensitive to the direction of field within the tape plane

Effect of lead content on phase evolution and microstructural development in Ag-clad Bi-2223 composite conductors

Thermal conversion of gels to YBa₂Cu₃O_x, Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x, and (Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x and their decarbonization by low-temperature treatment with nitric acid

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Methods of introducing lead into bismuth-2223 and their effects on phase development and superconducting properties

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Role of c-axis field components in making the transport E(J) characteristics of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes insensitive to the direction of field within the tape plane

Role of c-axis field components in making the transport E(J) characteristics of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes insensitive to the direction of field within the tape plane

Effect of lead content on phase evolution and microstructural development in Ag-clad Bi-2223 composite conductors

Thermal conversion of gels to YBa2Cu3Ox, Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox, and (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox and their decarbonization by low-temperature treatment with nitric acid

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Thermal conversion of gels to YBa₂Cu₃O_x, Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x, and (Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x and their decarbonization by low-temperature treatment with nitric acid