Methods of plant root exudates analysis: a review

Abstract

DUNDEK, P., HOLÍK, L., ROHLÍK, T., VRANOVÁ, V., REJŠEK, K., FORMÁNEK, P.: Methods of plant root exudates analysis: a review. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 3, pp. 241-246 The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on methods being used to determine individual compounds and properties of water-soluble plant root exudates. These compounds include amino acids, organic acids and simple sugars, as well as polysaccharides, proteins and organic substances. Qualitative composition of water-soluble root exudates and exudation rate are commonly measured with the aim of consequent synthetic preparation of plant root exudates to be supplied to soil to create artifi cial rhizosphere for diff erent experimental purposes. Root exudates collection usually requires consequent fi ltration or centrifugation to remove solids, root detritus and microbial cell debris, and consequent concentration using an evaporator, lyophilizator or ultrafi ltration. Methods used for analysis of total groups of compounds (total proteins and total carbohydrates) and total organic carbon are simple. On the other hand, HPLC or GS/MS are commonly used to analyse individual low molecular weight organic molecules (sugars, organic acids and amino acids) with separation using diff erent columns. Other properties such as pH, conductivity or activity of diff erent enzymes as well as gel electrophoresis of proteins are sometimes assessed. All of these methods are discussed in this work. amino acids, HPLC, GC/MS, organic acids, root exudates, sugars Substances released by healthy and intact roots into the environment are collectively designated as root exudates. These substances aff ect the composition of microbial community in immediate proximity of plant roots and processes taking place in rhizosphere. Many compounds are released by plant roots, including inorganic ions and substances,

Molecular Basis of Aluminium Toxicity in Plants: A Review

“…There are several recent reviews/researches that discuss mechanisms of Al tolerance and toxicity in plants by [7,9,15,16,[111][112][113][114][115]. Al toxicity affects a number of cellular components such as composition, physical properties and structure of the plasma membrane [116,117], cell nuclei, mitosis and cell division [Silva, et al, 2000], uptake of Ca 2+ and other ions [118] and cytoskeletal dynamics [56] and many more.…”

Analysis of the phenolic compounds in root exudates produced by a subalpine coniferous species as responses to experimental warming and nitrogen fertilisation

“…[20,21] However, because plant roots are hidden below ground and the exudates are rapidly assimilated by soil microbes, root exudates are one of the most poorly studied qualitative and quantitative components of the belowground material metabolism and cycle. [22] There have been few reports on root exudates from field-grown plants or mature trees in situ, especially when exposed to experimental warming, and by extension, their ecological significances.…”

<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Metabolites Secreted by Roots during Plant Growth in Phosphorus-Limiting Conditions

“…After 21 day of growth on hydroponics, plants were carefully transferred into 50 ml of fresh standard mineral medium supplied with different P sources for 3 hours. Plant growth media were then concentrated at 4˚C using ultrafiltration membranes Amicon Ultra-15 3K (3 kDa exclusion limit) [18]. Peptides and po- formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min [19].…”