Methods of Pollution Removal After Tanker “Erika” Accident

Čović, Ivana; Šimunac, Anamarija; Veža, Jelena; Slišković, Merica; Jelić-Mrčelić, Gorana

doi:10.7225/toms.v02.n01.006

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Due to the long time at sea and continued exposure to wave action (storm conditions), viscosity and volume increased (emulsion with 30-50% water). Six months after the spill, sunken oil was found near the Pen Bron Channel, with 10,000 m 2 of patches up to 0.15 m and tarballs, including an area of ~700 m 2 with heavily contaminated sand [19,20].…”

Section: Spill Name/ Location/datementioning

confidence: 99%

A Response Guide for Sunken Oil Mats (SOMs): Formation, Behavior, Detection, and Recovery

Michel

Bambach

2022

JMSE

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Based on past spills, the conditions under which floating oil mixes with enough sand to form sunken oil mats (SOMs) are identified. SOMs form mostly during spills of heavy crudes or heavy fuel oils, but also highly weathered and viscous crude oils. They usually form when oil and sand are both suspended in the water column by breaking waves or by the erosion of heavily oiled sand from the beach. The oil–sand mixture needs an area in the nearshore where it can accumulate into mats, such as in troughs or inside lagoons, where wave energy is reduced. SOMs can be oily (>40% oil) or sandy (<<40% oil), with oily SOMs posing risks of the oil separating from the sand and refloating. Methods are described for SOMs detection and recovery based on their location, in either the surf zone or the open-water environment seaward of the surf zone. A matrix provides guidance on methods based on effectiveness and environmental impacts for different site conditions.

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Section: Spill Name/ Location/datementioning

confidence: 99%

A Response Guide for Sunken Oil Mats (SOMs): Formation, Behavior, Detection, and Recovery

Michel

Bambach

2022

JMSE

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Towards Ocean Equity

Lubchenco

Haugan

2023

The Blue Compendium

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The blue economy is being promoted as capable of achieving sustainability and prosperity, fair use of the ocean and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring a more equitable distribution of goods and services provided by the ocean represents a major challenge. There is overwhelming evidence that current access to ocean benefits and resources, as well as exposure to harms, is distributed inequitably. This results in negative effects on the environment and human health, loss of livelihoods, limited financial opportunities for vulnerable groups and challenges to nutritional and food security. Powerful interests (including states, communities and economic entities) benefit from existing arrangements. Challenging inequality represents a direct threat to such interests. Inequality is increasingly influencing economic development and political stability. Current and recent examples of social unrest are closely associated with concerns about inequality, climate change, corruption and related societal problems perceived as having an unfair impact. Increased scientific attention to inequality is starting to shape debates associated with the ocean. We argue that there is a general policy blindness to instruments and practices that maintain the unfair status quo, but that there are remedies to such blindness. The purpose of this Blue Paper is to explore ocean inequities and suggest approaches for the just inclusion of diverse actors in the blue economy agenda and the equitable distribution of ocean benefits. First, we define inequity terms and their drivers, as well as how they affect sustainability. Second, we explore policies and practices that have (or have not) worked in favour of equity, while also promoting ecological sustainability. Finally, we provide opportunities for action for policymakers, funding and research institutions, international and non-governmental organisations, business leadership as well as civil society to address systemic aspects of inequities along a spectrum of ambitions, from basic to transformative. These opportunities for action are not intended as alternatives. They constitute complementary and reinforcing action to support and inform pathways to a sustainable and just ocean economy.

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