Methods of targets’ characterization

Stödel, C.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/202022902001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[13,15,19,26]. However, these methods are all unable to provide information on the chemical composition of the thin films, which is why spectroscopic methods, like IR, Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), or ion beam spectroscopy like elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) or proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), were also used later [2,13,15,16,19,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The process of molecular plating and the characteristics of the produced thin films – What we have learned in 60 years and what is still unknown

et al. 2023

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Molecular plating is a well-established and widely used method for producing thin films of various elements, which are used in variety of nuclear physics applications. Sixty years have passed since the method was established, and some insights into the chemical process underlying the method and the composition of the thin films have been gained. A brief overview of what has been learned about molecular plating since its introduction and the methods applied in the characterization of molecular plated thin films is given here. Through various spectroscopic and microscopic methods, the process of molecular plating and the chemical composition are gradually being elucidated, albeit we still do not understand all aspects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such method is ERDA [4], which is particularly well suited for detecting light elements from lithium up to chlorine in the thin film. Complementary to this, RBS was also used [12,28,29] to allow drawing conclusions about the elemental composition of the films.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The process of molecular plating and the characteristics of the produced thin films – What we have learned in 60 years and what is still unknown

et al. 2023

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“…It should be noted that the MP process leads to the co-deposition of other species in addition to the isotope of interest, which also contribute to the actual layer thickness [54]. For a full characterization, these in general unwanted co-deposited species as well as the chemical form of the deposited material have to be identified [55].…”

Section: Analyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and developments of target production for research on heavy and superheavy nuclei and elements

et al. 2023

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We give an overview of the special challenges regarding target development and production for accelerator-based heavy and superheavy-nuclei experiments in the past and perspectives for the future. Production of ever heavier elements, studies of heavy-element production in fusion or transfer reactions, spectroscopic investigations on their nuclear structure and decay and on the fission processes with fragment analyses, laser spectroscopic studies of their atomic structure, high-precision mass measurements as well as chemical studies are lively fields of current science. The ever-increasing beam intensities, feasible with new accelerator development, are crucial for the synthesis of superheavy elements because of the low cross sections for many of the reactions. Therefore, the development of target and backing materials with higher durability and experiment lifetime is increasingly important. Here we concentrate on the techniques necessary for the production of targets that are needed for experiments in this special field of interest. For the future, also development on target monitoring, target cooling, and beam intensity profile shaping techniques will play an important role, but are not in the focus of this article.

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“…Considering the purpose of the targets realized in this work, the edge inhomogeneity is not relevant as they are cut with a punch to obtain a disc of 12 mm diameter to fit the target station size, where the samples are irradiated [29,44]. Since the exact quantification of the Ti deposited is a crucial ingredient for the nuclear cross section calculation, these targets were further accurately analyzed using the Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopy [45,46] following the approach used in [29] In summary, no. 20 49 Ti targets (corresponding to no.…”

Section: Enriched 49 Ti and 50 Ti Hivipp Depositions And Characteriza...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryomilling of Isotope-Enriched Ti Powders for HIVIPP Deposition to Manufacture Targets for Nuclear Cross Section Measurement

et al. 2023

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The realization of isotopically enriched Ti targets for nuclear cross-section measurements requires particular attention, from the starting material preparation up to the deposition technique. In this work, a cryomilling process was developed and optimized, aimed at reducing the size of 49,50Ti metal sponge as provided by the supplier (size up to 3 mm), to the optimal size of 10 µm, to fit the High Energy Vibrational Powder Plating technique used for target manufacturing. The optimization of the cryomilling protocol and the HIVIPP deposition using natTi material was thus performed. The scarce amount of the enriched material to be treated (about 150 mg), the need to obtain a non-contaminated final powder and a uniform target thickness of about 500 µg/cm2 were taken into account. The 49,50Ti materials were then processed and 20 targets of each isotope were manufactured. Both powders and the final Ti targets produced were characterized by SEM-EDS analysis. The amount of Ti deposited was measured by weighing, indicating reproducible and homogeneous targets, with an areal density of 468 ± 110 µg/cm2 for 49Ti (n = 20) and 638 ± 200 µg/cm2 for 50Ti (n = 20). The uniformity of the deposited layer was also confirmed by the metallurgical interface analysis. The final targets were used for the cross section measurements of the 49Ti(p,x)47Sc and 50Ti(p,x)47Sc nuclear reaction routes aimed at the production of the theranostic radionuclide 47Sc.

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Methods of targets’ characterization

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

The process of molecular plating and the characteristics of the produced thin films – What we have learned in 60 years and what is still unknown

The process of molecular plating and the characteristics of the produced thin films – What we have learned in 60 years and what is still unknown

Status and developments of target production for research on heavy and superheavy nuclei and elements

Cryomilling of Isotope-Enriched Ti Powders for HIVIPP Deposition to Manufacture Targets for Nuclear Cross Section Measurement

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