Methods to Evaluate Pilots’ Cockpit Communication: Cross-Recurrence Analyses vs. Speech Act–Based Analyses

Gontar, Patrick; Fischer, Ute; Bengler, Klaus

doi:10.1177/1555343417715161

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Blue Engaged events, however, can be seen as a result of failed implicit coordination as evidenced by the significant increase in SA-related communications during those events (see Table 1). In contrast to the findings of Sulistyawati et al (2009), Gontar et al (2017 and Sexton and Helmreich (2000), the high number of SA-related communication acts in events resulting in Failure, especially in the Blue Engaged events, is a clear indication of the weakness of explicit coordination.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…Sulistyawati et al (2009) noted that explicit coordination is necessary for situation assessment. This is in line with studies which have suggested that explicit coordination frequency during critical events is positively correlated with both TSA (Costello et al, 2006) and team performance (Gontar et al, 2017; Sexton & Helmreich, 2000). In contrast, Entin & Serfaty (1999) argue that during critical events teams tend to switch from explicit to implicit coordination to reduce the communication and coordination overhead and to maintain their performance.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…While many studies have shown a strong link between communication and TSA (see, e.g., Garbis & Artman, 2004;Hazlehurst et al, 2007;Heath & Luff, 1991;Kiekel et al, 2001), their relationship is reciprocal. On one hand, communication is needed to build sufficient TSA, which, when established, enables coordination without communication (Endsley, 2015;Parush et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introduction Team and Its Coordination Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What we got Here, is a Failure to Coordinate: Implicit and Explicit Coordination in Air Combat

Mansikka

Virtanen

Harris

2023

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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Air combat is the ultimate test for teamwork, as teams of fighter pilot (or flights), must coordinate their actions in a highly complex, hostile, dynamic and time critical environment. Flights can coordinate their actions using communication, that is, explicitly, or by relying on team situation awareness (SA), that is, implicitly. This paper examines how these two forms of coordination are associated with performance when prosecuting or evading an attack in simulated air combat. This was done by investigating the flights’ team SA, number of SA-related communication acts and performance in these two types of critical events during air combat. The results exhibit a quadratic dependence between team SA and communication. The rate of change of SA-related communication frequency with respect to change of team SA was negative: communication was needed to build team SA, but once an appropriate level of team SA was established, fewer communications were required. If, however, team SA deteriorated the number of SA communication acts increased. However, during time critical events, the flights did not always have enough time to coordinate their actions verbally. If the flights’ team SA in such situations was low, the flights’ explicit coordination attempts were not sufficient to avoid poor performance.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introduction Team and Its Coordination Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What we got Here, is a Failure to Coordinate: Implicit and Explicit Coordination in Air Combat

Mansikka

Virtanen

Harris

2023

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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“…Although we employed this technique specifically for the filtering of DIS PDUs obtained from communication between team members using a push-totalk system, any audio recordings of communications that have been discretized could benefit from the filtering techniques we have described. The VAD algorithm will take other audio file formats as inputs (such as those produced using the Audacity software package; e.g., see Gontar et al, 2017) and determine the presence of voice content. Audio recordings that are intended to be transcribed and analyzed for semantic content and categorization would also benefit from pre-filtering such that invalid communications are ignored, therefore increasing the efficiency of the transcription process that can be time-consuming and expensive to carry out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that mixed teams performed better on task-performance measures, Gorman et al (2012) concluded that relatively greater complexity is symptomatic of more flexible and adaptable teams. Similarly, Gontar et al (2017) used RQA to demonstrate that recurrence rates (in this case, a measure of the coupling of communication between flight captain and first officer) of flight-crew dyads could be successfully used to discriminate between high-performing and low-performing teams. Strang et al (2012) applied nonlinear analyses to sequential team verbal communications recorded during a dyadic Air Battle Management (ABM) simulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating team communication data using a transmission-duration threshold and voice activity detection algorithm

et al. 2018

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The processes underlying team effectiveness can be understood by analyzing the temporal dynamics of team communication sequences. The results of such analyses have shown that the complexity of team communication is associated with team performance on task-related variables, and hence communication complexity statistics have been proposed for use as measures for real-time feedback on team performance. In two analyses of historical team communication sequences, we found that filtering via use of a transmission-duration threshold and voice activity detection algorithm resulted in significant changes in complexity relative to not filtering the data or using a transmission-duration filter alone. The use of these filtering techniques showed significant effects on the complexity of communication sequences in both a laboratory-based experiment, with participants with little experience with voice communication protocols, and in a mission simulation with trained military operators. There was also a significant non-linear relationship between the complexity of communication sequences and task performance. However, an analysis of the impact of the changes in communication dynamics gained through filtering did not demonstrate that the changed temporal dynamics of filtered data better explained team performance. It is concluded that prefiltering of invalid communication data should be included during the data cleaning stage of statistical analysis as a matter of good scientific practice. Furthermore, such use of filtering will ensure that inferences made about the relationship between the complexity of communication between team members and their performance are not confounded by the presence of invalid communication events.

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Microenvironmental Influences on Team Performance in Cancer Care

Rosen

Kazi

Khaleghzadegan

2019

Energy Balance and Cancer

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Methods to Evaluate Pilots’ Cockpit Communication: Cross-Recurrence Analyses vs. Speech Act–Based Analyses

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

What we got Here, is a Failure to Coordinate: Implicit and Explicit Coordination in Air Combat

What we got Here, is a Failure to Coordinate: Implicit and Explicit Coordination in Air Combat

Validating team communication data using a transmission-duration threshold and voice activity detection algorithm

Microenvironmental Influences on Team Performance in Cancer Care

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