“…Nanomaterials (nanoparticles/colloids or quantum dots, carbon dots), graphene, molecularly imprinted polymers can also be used as electrochemical sensors for the detection of various antibiotics. However, due to their high solubility in common solvents and relatively high toxicity, it is urgently desired to develop non-soluble and easy-to-reuse nanomaterials probes [ 12 ]. To meet this demand, multiple novel emerging nanomaterials were exploited.…”