Metrology for decommissioning nuclear facilities: Partial outcomes of joint research project within the European Metrology Research Program

Šuráň, Jiří; Kovář, Petr; Šmoldasová, Jana; Šolc, J.; Ammel, R. Van; Miranda, Maria Garcia; Russell, Ben; Arnold, D.; Zapata-García, D.; Boden, Sven; Rogiers, Bart; Sand, Johan; Perajärvi, K.; Holm, Philip; Hay, Bruno; Failleau, G.; Plumeri, S.; Beck, Yves Laurent; Grísa, Tomáš

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.08.032

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The instrument was fitted with a quartz double-pass spray chamber as well as a MicroMist nebuliser (Glass Expansion, Australia), with nickel sample and skimmer cones (Crawford Scientific, UK). This setup was in accordance to Russell et al [ 63 ]. Between each of the samples the probe was rinsed twice, firstly with 0.3 M HNO 3 to wash Fe from the previous sample and prevent any cross contamination between samples, and then with ddH 2 O to match the matrix of the next sample to be measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Impact of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on in vitro and in vivo radiosensitisation of cancer cells

et al. 2021

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Purpose The recent implementation of MR-Linacs has highlighted theranostic opportunities of contrast agents in both imaging and radiotherapy. There is a lack of data exploring the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as radiosensitisers. Through preclinical 225 kVp exposures, this study aimed to characterise the uptake and radiobiological effects of SPIONs in tumour cell models in vitro and to provide proof-of-principle application in a xenograft tumour model. Methods SPIONs were also characterised to determine their hydrodynamic radius using dynamic light scattering and uptake was measured using ICP-MS in 6 cancer cell lines; H460, MiaPaCa2, DU145, MCF7, U87 and HEPG2. The impact of SPIONs on radiobiological response was determined by measuring DNA damage using 53BP1 immunofluorescence and cell survival. Sensitisation Enhancement Ratios (SERs) were compared with the predicted Dose Enhancement Ratios (DEFs) based on physical absorption estimations. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated using a subcutaneous H460 xenograft tumour model in SCID mice by following intra-tumoural injection of SPIONs. Results The hydrodynamic radius was found to be between 110 and 130 nm, with evidence of being monodisperse in nature. SPIONs significantly increased DNA damage in all cell lines with the exception of U87 cells at a dose of 1 Gy, 1 h post-irradiation. Levels of DNA damage correlated with the cell survival, in which all cell lines except U87 cells showed an increased sensitivity (P < 0.05) in the linear quadratic curve fit for 1 h exposure to 23.5 μg/ml SPIONs. There was also a 30.1% increase in the number of DNA damage foci found for HEPG2 cells at 2 Gy. No strong correlation was found between SPION uptake and DNA damage at any dose, yet the biological consequences of SPIONs on radiosensitisation were found to be much greater, with SERs up to 1.28 ± 0.03, compared with predicted physical dose enhancement levels of 1.0001. In vivo, intra-tumoural injection of SPIONs combined with radiation showed significant tumour growth delay compared to animals treated with radiation or SPIONs alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions SPIONs showed radiosensitising effects in 5 out of 6 cancer cell lines. No correlation was found between the cell-specific uptake of SPIONs into the cells and DNA damage levels. The in vivo study found a significant decrease in the tumour growth rate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Impact of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on in vitro and in vivo radiosensitisation of cancer cells

et al. 2021

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“…The dissolution procedure was then applied to the measurement of actinides (U, Pu and Th in the mBq/g range) and stable elements in Sellafield-contaminated concrete, as part of characterisation prior to distribution for a proficiency test exercise. The dissolution of graphite matrices is discussed in detail elsewhere [30]. In short, stable graphite samples of up to 5 g were dispensed into Pt-Au (95-5%) crucibles.…”

Section: Fission and Activation Products In Concrete And Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Automation of fusion has addressed the safety issues associated with manually adding and removing crucibles from a furnace; however, there are also disadvantages and challenges associated with fusion approaches. Fusion is generally more labour-intensive than leaching, with lower sample sizes (typically 0.5-5 g [1,10,30,31]). Large quantities of the flux relative to the sample size are generally required to decompose most matrices, often several times the sample weight [10,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusion is generally more labour-intensive than leaching, with lower sample sizes (typically 0.5-5 g [1,10,30,31]). Large quantities of the flux relative to the sample size are generally required to decompose most matrices, often several times the sample weight [10,30]. Furthermore, the aqueous solutions resulting from the fusions can have a high salt content, which may lead to difficulties in subsequent steps of the analysis such as chromatographic separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complete dissolution of solid matrices using automated borate fusion in support of nuclear decommissioning and production of reference materials

Braysher

Russell

Woods

et al. 2019

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Accurate measurement of natural and anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations is of critical importance to end users in the nuclear sector to ensure correct classification prior to storage, recycling, reprocessing or disposal. Uncertainties in the characterisation of solid matrices and materials could lead to safety, quality and financial implications. Robust sample preparation methods are vital, in particular effective sample digestion, as under-estimated chemical yield recovery results in a corresponding under-estimation of activity levels. Borate fusion has been proven to effectively digest a range of complex sample matrices in the geosciences but is not used routinely elsewhere. In this study, we describe an automated procedure for borate fusion of multiple matrices encountered in nuclear decommissioning, containing diverse radionuclides over a range of activity concentrations. The impact of digestion flux, sample mass and sample to flux ratios are described, as well as the subsequent separation and measurement techniques. The results contribute to accurate and precise measurement of radionuclides in various matrices, as well as to characterisation of reference materials, providing greater confidence in nuclear industry programmes worldwide.

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Measurement of 151Sm in nuclear decommissioning samples by ICP-MS/MS

Miranda

Russell

Ivanov

2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Metrology for decommissioning nuclear facilities: Partial outcomes of joint research project within the European Metrology Research Program

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Impact of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on in vitro and in vivo radiosensitisation of cancer cells

Impact of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on in vitro and in vivo radiosensitisation of cancer cells

Complete dissolution of solid matrices using automated borate fusion in support of nuclear decommissioning and production of reference materials

Measurement of 151Sm in nuclear decommissioning samples by ICP-MS/MS

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