“…In analysis of the class II MHC pathway, human HLA‐DM‐deficient cell lines are available (Riberdy et al, ; Denzin et al, ; Fling et al, ; Morris et al, ). The knockout mice lacking expression of H2‐DM and/or invariant chain have been characterized (Fung‐Leung et al, ; Martin et al, ; Miyazaki et al, ; Tourne et al, ; Kenty et al, ). Although transformed cell lines that are deficient in H2‐DM (the murine homolog of HLA‐DM) are less available than human HLA‐DM‐deficient cell lines, murine class II MHC molecules can function with HLA‐DM, allowing the analysis of the dependence of murine class II MHC molecules on HLA‐DM function (as a surrogate for H‐2M function) by the use of HLA‐DM‐deficient human cell lines that have been transfected to express murine class II MHC molecules (Brooks et al, ; Diment and Shinde, ; Stebbins et al, ).…”