Micro- and Nano-Systems in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Synergistic applications of cyclodextrin-based systems and metal–organic frameworks in transdermal drug delivery for skin cancer therapy

“…In this approach, the drug is absorbed through the capillary blood vessels situated within dermis and subsequently distributed to the target site via systemic circulation. 147 TDDSs represent a valid alternative to oral and parenteral drug delivery methods, effectively mitigating and avoiding their inherent limitation. As a result, TDDSs have emerged as one of the most widely investigated routes for noninvasive drug delivery into the body.…”

“…Additionally, the dermis encompasses lymphatic and capillary blood vessels, sensory nerve endings and appendages (hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands). 147,151 Notably, the capillaries within the dermis play a pivotal role in drug absorption, driven by the concentration gradient between the skin's surface and dermal layer. 151…”

“…150 Instead, the diffusion coefficient D depends on MW of the drug. 147 Based on these factors, the optimal candidate drug should have low molecular mass (high D) up to 600 Da, and moderately high partition coefficient K m in the range of 0.1–0.5. Other important drug characteristics to keep in account are the following: high potency (dose < 10 mg per day), and melting point <250 °C.…”

“…These systems employ suitable equipment linked to TDDS for drug delivery and has different benefits, such as speedy and dependable drug delivery, amplified therapeutic efficacy of the administered medication, 148 and ease of transporting biomolecules and nanoparticles through the stratum corneum. 147 Table 2 outlines the pros and cons of passive and active delivery systems.…”