“…In the present study, micro-CT imaging displayed remnants of gutta-percha and sealer after retreatment, which was expressed as percentage of the preoperative volume of the filling material, similar to previous studies (Barletta et al 2007, Hammad et al 2008. The values of pre-and postoperative dentine volumes were assessed, and loss of hard tooth tissue during removal was expressed as mm 3 (Ikram et al 2009 Hassanloo et al 2007, Gu et al 2008, Betti et al 2009, Marfisi et al 2010, Kfir et al 2012, to simplify standardization of specimens. Therefore, investigations on nonsurgical retreatment in curved root canals are rare (Valois et al 2001, Ferreira et al 2001, Schirrmeister et al 2006b, Gergi & Sabbagh 2007, Ç elik Ü nal et al 2009, Aydin et al 2009), although these teeth rather represent the clinical situation in which many of the treated teeth have a complex anatomy (Duncan & Chong 2010).…”