Micro-CT analyses of historical bone samples presenting with osteomyelitis

Lamm, Catherine G.; Dockner, Martin; Pospischek, B.; Winter, Eduard; Patzak, Beatrix; Pretterklieber, Michael L.; Weber, Gerhard; Pietschmann, Péter

doi:10.1007/s00256-015-2203-8

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In historical bone samples diagnosed with (unspecific) osteomyelitis Lamm et al. observed cortical thinning and cortical porosity but, in contrast to our samples with tuberculosis, did not observe alterations of the trabecular compartment [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…observed cortical thinning and cortical porosity but, in contrast to our samples with tuberculosis, did not observe alterations of the trabecular compartment [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…In addition to computed tomography, microcomputed tomography has also been successfully used for several years in paleopathology and evolutionary biology [ 18 – 21 ]. Among others, our research group previously used this approach for the analysis of historical samples affected by bone diseases such as Paget’s disease and osteomyelitis [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis

Vekszler

Granner

Nebot

et al. 2022

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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SummaryTuberculosis is among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases and affects many organ systems, including the skeleton. Skeletal tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary stage of tuberculosis, which occurs after the early and post-primary pulmonary stages of the disease. The aim of our study was to assess the microarchitecture of historic dry bone samples of subjects who have died of tuberculosis documented by post-mortem examinations. These preparations date to the pre-antibiotic era, and were provided by the Pathological-Anatomical Collection in the “Fools Tower” of the Natural History Museum Vienna (PASiN-NHM).We investigated macerated samples of 20 vertebral bodies, 19 femoral heads, and 20 tibiae of a total of 59 individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis from the nineteenth and early twentieth century. 10 femora and 10 tibiae from body donors that did not exhibit signs of infection and 10 (unaffected) vertebrae kept at the PASiN-NHM were studied as controls. The affected regions of the bone samples (and the corresponding regions of the control bones) were analyzed by microcomputed tomography using a Viscom X 8060 II system. Obtained images were analyzed semi-quantitatively. In samples with tuberculosis, independent of the investigated skeletal region, trabecular defects and decreased trabecular thickness were observed. Cortical porosity was seen in affected vertebrae and tibia; in tuberculous tibiae (but not in the femora) cortical thickness was decreased. In half of the individuals, cortical sclerosis was present; signs of ankylosis were observed mainly at the femoral heads affected with tuberculosis. We conclude that a combination of several alterations at the trabecular compartment could be suggestive of the presence of tuberculosis in historic skeletal remains.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…observed cortical thinning and cortical porosity but, in contrast to our samples with tuberculosis, did not observe alterations of the trabecular compartment [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis

Vekszler

Granner

Nebot

et al. 2022

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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“…The microscopic examination revealed an overall moderately good preservation of the samples 83 . Our histological examination was based on inspecting bone regions for: bone matrix type (woven, lamellar) 84 ; bone growth stage (primary, secondary/ Haversian) 85 ; bone remodeling indicators (poorly remodeled with singular secondary osteon units, well remodeled with several generations of fragmentary and intact secondary osteons) 80,85 , 'giant' resorption canals (porosity effect indicating prolonged osteoclast-mediated resorption, tabularization effect) 86,87 . Where necessary, we also undertook histomorphometric measurements using ImageJ 'straight line' tool to obtain maximum diameter of pores in cases of abnormal porosity.…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Vlok

Buckley

Miszkiewicz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.

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“…Based on our previous experience [ 12 , 13 ], this study paid special attention to five alterations, i.e. cortical porosity, cortical thinning, cortical loss, sclerotic reorganization, and perforating defects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-CT evaluation of historical human skulls presenting signs of syphilitic infection

Fraberger

Dockner

Winter

et al. 2021

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Summary Background In tertiary syphilis, Treponema pallidum triggers the formation of granulomatous nodules in various organs of the human body. Within the skeleton, predominantly in the skull and long bones, these characteristic syphilitic lesions cause typical patterns of bone damage. In this study, micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) was used to assess the microarchitecture of these osseous defects in untreated syphilitic skull bones. Material and methods Bone structure of 30 macerated human skulls was noninvasively examined by means of µ-CT images (Viscom X8060 NDT). A total of 20 specimens showing typical morphological signs of syphilis were provided by the Collection of Anatomical Pathology of the Museum of Natural History in Vienna. They were compared to 10 macerated control skulls provided by the Division of Anatomy of the Medical University of Vienna. Results All samples affected by syphilis showed perforating defects and increased porosity. Furthermore, we observed sclerotic reorganization and complete loss of the cortical bone in 80% of infected cases. Cortical thinning occurred in 75%. Conclusion Our findings revealed extensive micromorphological bone destruction and a broad variability of osseous manifestations of (tertiary) syphilis.

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Micro-CT analyses of historical bone samples presenting with osteomyelitis

Abstract: Osteomyelitis is associated with severe alterations of cortical bone structure otherwise typically observed at old age such as cortical porosity and cortical thinning.

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis

Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia

Micro-CT evaluation of historical human skulls presenting signs of syphilitic infection

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