Microalgae-made vaccines against infectious diseases

Ramos‐Vega, Abel; Angulo, Carlos; Bañuelos-Hernández, Bernardo; Monreal‐Escalante, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102408

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…2). This fact supports that the first ideal goal of microalgae-vaccine technology is being promoted microalgae used as subunit vaccine production host and delivery vehicle (Ramos-Vega et al 2021). For the treatment of foot and mouth disease vaccine in C. reinhardtii, the VP1 protein was fused with cholera toxin B subunit, which is an important adjuvant and thus the recombinant protein showed the binding affinity towards GM1 gangliosidase (Ramos-Vega et al 2021).…”

Section: Subunit Vaccinementioning

confidence: 78%

Transformation and Expression of Gene in Microalgae: From Tools to Applications

Usmaan¹,

Rao²

2021

Agrobiol. Records

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Microalgae provides an excellent platform for foreign genes expression. Chloroplast and Nucleus based transformation of transgenes in algae is possible after construct designing (including different markers and promoters) and codon optimization. For better recombination, different and effective promoters and reporter genes can be selected. Chloroplast mediated transformation is much more effective than nuclear based transformation for transgene analysis owing to higher copy number of chloroplast in unit area. Microalgae based products are excellent target for production of wide variety of bio products such as vaccines, antibiotics and drugs against different diseases. These alternative approaches facilitate enhanced biodiesel production through fast growth of microalgae in heterotrophic environment. Also, low risks are attributed owing to their nonhuman consumption property. Biosafety and risk assessment analysis should be carried out before releasing of genetically modified microalgae in the environment considering research ethical code. Microalgae provide cheap, efficient and high yielding alternatives to plants. The review emphasizes microalgae based expression approach with key steps involved in detail.

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Section: Subunit Vaccinementioning

confidence: 78%

Transformation and Expression of Gene in Microalgae: From Tools to Applications

Usmaan¹,

Rao²

2021

Agrobiol. Records

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“…[30,32] However, the most genetically engineered species is C. reinhardtti followed by D. salina, although other species have also been explored recurrently, such as Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Nannochloropsis sp., T. pseudonana, H. pluvialis, Volvox carteri, P. tricornutum, and Schizochytrium sp. [27,28,33,34] Microalgal nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes have been mostly modified by conventional delivery methods, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, [11,35] electroporation, [10,36] agitation with glass beads, [9,37] and biolistic or particle bombardment. [6,38] Each technique has shown advantages and drawbacks.…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Microalgal Genetic Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae‐made human vaccines and therapeutics: A decade of advances

Trujillo,

Monreal‐Escalante,

Angulo

2024

Biotechnology Journal

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Microalgal emergence is a promising platform with two‐decade historical background for producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. During that period, microalgal‐based vaccines have reported successful production for various diseases. Thus, species selection is important for genetic transformation and delivery methods that have been developed. Although many vaccine prototypes have been produced for infectious and non‐infectious diseases, fewer studies have reached immunological and immunoprotective evaluations. Microalgae‐made vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus, malaria, influenza, human papilloma, and Zika viruses have been explored in their capacity to induce humoral or cellular immune responses and protective efficacies against experimental challenges. Therefore, specific pathogen antigens and immune system role are important and addressed in controlling these infections. Regarding non‐communicable diseases, these vaccines have been investigated for breast cancer; microalgal‐produced therapeutic molecules and microalgal‐made interferon‐α have been explored for hypertension and potential applications in treating viral infections and cancer, respectively. Thus, conducting immunological trials is emphasized, discussing the promising results observed in terms of immunogenicity, desired immune response for controlling affections, and challenges for achieving the desired protection levels. The potential advantages and hurdles associated with this innovative approach are highlighted, underlining the relevance of assessing immune responses in preclinical and clinical trials to validate the efficacy of these biopharmaceuticals. The promising future of this healthcare technology is also envisaged.

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“…Of note, lyophilized microalgae-based edible vaccines can simply be stored at room temperature for several months (up to 20 months), reducing the risk of expiration and loss of functionality of recombinant antigens or proteins [114]. Unlike plants, microalgae can produce high-quality and highly homogeneous proteins, which reduces dosing issues for edible vaccines [120].…”

Section: Edible Microalgae As a Biosystem For Production And Delivery...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as an Efficient Vehicle for the Production and Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Glycoproteins against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome–Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect various human organs, including the respiratory, circulatory, nervous, and gastrointestinal ones. The virus is internalized into human cells by binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through its spike protein (S-glycoprotein). As S-glycoprotein is required for the attachment and entry into the human target cells, it is the primary mediator of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Currently, this glycoprotein has received considerable attention as a key component for the development of antiviral vaccines or biologics against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, since the ACE2 receptor constitutes the main entry route for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its soluble form could be considered as a promising approach for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 infection (COVID-19). Both S-glycoprotein and ACE2 are highly glycosylated molecules containing 22 and 7 consensus N-glycosylation sites, respectively. The N-glycan structures attached to these specific sites are required for the folding, conformation, recycling, and biological activity of both glycoproteins. Thus far, recombinant S-glycoprotein and ACE2 have been produced primarily in mammalian cells, which is an expensive process. Therefore, benefiting from a cheaper cell-based biofactory would be a good value added to the development of cost-effective recombinant vaccines and biopharmaceuticals directed against COVID-19. To this end, efficient protein synthesis machinery and the ability to properly impose post-translational modifications make microalgae an eco-friendly platform for the production of pharmaceutical glycoproteins. Notably, several microalgae (e.g., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella bardawil, and Chlorella species) are already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe human food. Because microalgal cells contain a rigid cell wall that could act as a natural encapsulation to protect the recombinant proteins from the aggressive environment of the stomach, this feature could be used for the rapid production and edible targeted delivery of S-glycoprotein and soluble ACE2 for the treatment/inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we have reviewed the pathogenesis mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and then highlighted the potential of microalgae for the treatment/inhibition of COVID-19 infection.

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Microalgae-made vaccines against infectious diseases

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Transformation and Expression of Gene in Microalgae: From Tools to Applications

Transformation and Expression of Gene in Microalgae: From Tools to Applications

Microalgae‐made human vaccines and therapeutics: A decade of advances

Microalgae as an Efficient Vehicle for the Production and Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Glycoproteins against SARS-CoV-2 Variants

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