Microalgae supplementation to late gestation sows and its effects on the health status of weaned piglets fed diets containing high- or low-quality protein sources

Lee, A.V.; You, Leiming; Oh, Se‐Young; Li, Z.; Fisher-Heffernan, Rebecca E.; Regnault, Timothy R. H.; Lange, C. F. M. de; Huber, Lee-Anne; Karrow, Niel A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109937

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This was highlighted by the increased cortisol response following LPS challenge in offspring from the AL + LPS sows compared to those from the CO + LPS sows ( You et al., 2019 ). Growth performance in these offspring was not affected in the nursery phase ( Lee et al., 2019b ); however, there may be negative effects of a heightened immune response on overall growth in the growing or finishing phases in these pigs. This warrants further investigation to validate the use of AL and FO in maternal gestation diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Briefly, forty-eight Landrace x Yorkshire cross-bred sows (12 sows per block x 4 blocks) were selected based on breeding date and parity (≥2) and were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: diets supplemented with 3.1% FO, 3.12% AL, or a 1.89% corn oil (CO) control diet. Sows were fed 2.5 kg per day of the assigned diets from gestation day (gd) 75, as per Lee et al. (2019b) until farrowing (approx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental diets were formulated to meet the estimated nutrient requirements for sows in late gestation ( National Research Council, 2012 ). AL and FO diets were formulated based on a preliminary trial to match total DHA content, maximizing fetal PUFA enrichment, and were formulated to have similar n-6 PUFA concentrations as the CO diet ( Lee et al., 2019b ). Ingredient and calculated nutrient composition of maternal gestation diets are shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On gd 112, eight sows per dietary treatment were challenged i.m. with 10 μg/kg of LPS from E. coli O55:B5 (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON) dissolved in 2 mL of saline, as per Lee et al. (2019b) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of algae or fish oil supplementation and porcine maternal stress on the adrenal transcriptome of male offspring fed a low-quality protein diet

Lee

You

Harris

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Offspring adrenal function may be negatively affected in utero by maternal stressors such as microbial infection. Maternal supplementation with immunomodulatory compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may help minimize the adverse effects of maternal stress on fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal development and improve offspring health. Presently, n-3 PUFA sources are primarily fish-based, but n-3 PUFA microalgae (AL) may be an alternative. Previously, it was determined that maternal AL or fish oil (FO) supplementation to sows, in addition to maternal stress induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge appeared to have a greater influence on the stress response of male offspring compared to females. To further elaborate on these findings, this study assessed the effects of maternal AL or FO supplementation combined with a maternal LPS challenge on adrenal gene expression in male offspring fed a nursery diet containing low-quality protein sources. Forty-eight sows were fed gestation diets starting on gestation day (gd) 75 containing either 3.12% AL, 3.1% FO, or a control diet containing 1.89% corn oil. On gd 112, half the sows in each treatment were administered 10 μg/kg LPS i.m . Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age onto a common low-quality plant-based protein diet, and one week after weaning, four piglets per sow were administered 40 μg/kg LPS i.m . Two hours later, the piglets were euthanized to obtain adrenal tissue, and total RNA was extracted to carry out transcriptome analysis using the Affymetrix GeneChip WT Plus assay and subsequent validation by real-time PCR. Analysis revealed that adrenal steroidogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and immune function were significantly influenced by maternal diet and stress. Increased expression of immune-related genes including lymphocyte antigen 96, TLR-2 and NF-κB suggests that maternal AL supplementation may increase offspring sensitivity to inflammation after weaning. Decreased expression of lymphocyte antigen 96 in male offspring from sows receiving maternal LPS challenge also suggests a possible role of maternal stress in diminishing the offspring immune response to immune stress challenge. Increased expression of the genes encoding the 11BHSD2 enzyme in offspring from sows fed FO may also reduce the magnitude of the stress response. These data provide insight to the immune and metabolic mechanisms that may be influenced by maternal diet and stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of algae or fish oil supplementation and porcine maternal stress on the adrenal transcriptome of male offspring fed a low-quality protein diet

Lee

You

Harris

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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“…Among the other farm animals, pectin has shown a beneficial impact on pig nutrition and health contexts, which was performed in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies [ 32 ]. The development of reproductive performance using crude extracts of microalgae has been widely discussed in livestock animals [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Microalgae Spirulina is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that has been used to improve reproductive efficiency in in vivo bovine studies [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

Roy

Qamar

Tanga

et al. 2021

Animals

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Molecular approaches have been used to determine metabolic substrates involved in the early embryonic processes to provide adequate culture conditions. To investigate the effect of modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles (MSmPNPs) on oocyte developmental competence, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved from pig slaughterhouse ovaries were subjected to various concentrations of MSmPNPs (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 µg/mL) during in vitro maturation (IVM). In comparison to the control, MSmPNPs-5.0, and MSmPNPs-10 groups, oocytes treated with 2.5 µg/mL MSmPNPs had significantly increased glutathione (GSH) levels and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following parthenogenetic activation, the MSmPNPs-2.5 group had a considerably higher maturation and cleavage rates, blastocyst development, total cell number, and ratio of inner cell mass/trophectoderm (ICM:TE) cells, when compared with those in the control and all other treated groups. Furthermore, similar findings were reported for the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos. Additionally, the relative quantification of POU5F1, DPPA2, and NDP52 mRNA transcript levels were significantly higher in the MSmPNPs-2.5 group than in the control and other treated groups. Taken together, the current findings suggest that MSmPNP treatment alleviates oxidative stress and enhances the developmental competence of porcine in vitro matured oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and SCNT.

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Microalgae as feed ingredients for livestock production and aquaculture

et al. 2021

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Microalgae supplementation to late gestation sows and its effects on the health status of weaned piglets fed diets containing high- or low-quality protein sources

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of algae or fish oil supplementation and porcine maternal stress on the adrenal transcriptome of male offspring fed a low-quality protein diet

Effect of algae or fish oil supplementation and porcine maternal stress on the adrenal transcriptome of male offspring fed a low-quality protein diet

Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

Microalgae as feed ingredients for livestock production and aquaculture

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